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International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 2(9), 2011 ; This paper contributes to the issue of eGovernment implementation in Saudi Arabia by discussing the current situation of ministry websites. It evaluates the rate of web development progress of vital government websites in Saudi Arabia using the eGovernment stage model. In 2010, Saudi Arabia ranked 58th in the world and 4th in the Gulf region in eGovernment readiness according to United Nations reports. In particular, Saudi Arabia has ranked 75th worldwide for its online service index and its components compared to the neighbouring Gulf country of Bahrain, which was ranked 8th for the same index. While this is still modest in relation to the Saudi government's expectation concerning its vision for eGovernment implementation for 2010, and the results achieved by the neighbouring Gulf countries such as Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the eGovernment index, the Saudi government has endeavoured to meet the public needs concerning eGovernment and carry out the implementation of eGovernment properly. Governments may heed the importance of actively launching official government websites – the focus of this study – as the main portals for delivering their online services to all the different categories of eGovernment (including G2C, G2B, and G2G). However, certain Saudi ministries have not given due attention to this vital issue. This is evidenced by the fact that some of their websites are not fully developed or do not yet exist, which clearly impedes that particular ministry from appropriately delivering eServices. ; http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume2No9/Paper 14 - EGovernment Stage Model Evaluating the Rate of Web Development Progress of Government Websites in Saudi Arabia.pdf

This essay explores the right upper limb rehabilitation with the use of innovative technologies. It focuses on the consideration of what technologies are currently available and highlights the physiotherapy and occupational therapy tools that can be integrated together. After the stroke, rehabilitation therapy is essential for the patient's improvement. Therefore, it is important to have a tool that helps with the rehabilitation therapy of the right upper limb. As an appropriate tool, technology innovation is considered and researched. This essay discusses the thoughts, ideas, applications, and designs of technology innovations in the right upper limb rehabilitation. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy are two different rehabilitations focusing on the same problem, which means they can be integrated together. Having tools that integrate both physiotherapy and occupational therapy together will help with the patient's recovery. Innovative technology trends that can be used in the rehabilitation of the right upper limb are researched and discussed in this essay. Only the upper limb rehabilitation is being considered, while the lower limb rehabilitation is neglected. In addition, it focuses mainly on stroke patients, and other diseases that affect the upper limb are neglected. Tools that are designed to help with the right upper limb rehabilitation are discussed. For the tools, there must be a consideration of whether the tool is for rehabilitating the right upper limb or whether the technology is integrated together for rehabilitating the right upper limb. In addition, whether the tool is designed or something that already exists is also considered. Most tools are designed and newly developed technologies. Some tools are already in use and are being improved by the new technology approach. Another consideration is whether the technology is focusing on the end-user, which is essential for the technology innovation on the rehabilitation tools being explored (Batista e Siqueira et al., 2024). The focus of the technology tools is to provide rehabilitation to the end-user, who is the patient. It is important that tools used in rehabilitation are adaptive and easy to use to help the rehabilitation process.

This paper provides a critical review of economic outcome metrics used in healthcare value assessment, emphasizing the evolving landscape of resource allocation, patient-centered approaches, and standardization efforts. With healthcare costs rising globally, the efficient allocation of limited resources is essential. Metrics like Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs), and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) are central to guiding funding decisions, influencing insurance coverage, and shaping treatment prioritization. Emerging trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, are enhancing the precision of these assessments, while patient-centered metrics underscore the importance of patient satisfaction and quality of life. Additionally, there is a growing push for the standardization of these metrics to create consistent frameworks across diverse health systems. This paper explores case studies, practical applications, and future directions to provide insights into how healthcare systems can adopt more effective, globally aligned economic assessments.