Suchergebnisse

"This book of contributed chapters focuses on the potential role of industry in reducing environmental burdens throughout the product life cycle from the extraction of raw materials, to the production of goods, to the use of those goods and to the management of the resulting wastes discussing how the integration of blockchain technology in the idea of sustainability and waste management techniques improve the field of Industrial ecology"

"This book of contributed chapters focuses on the potential role of industry in reducing environmental burdens throughout the product life cycle from the extraction of raw materials, to the production of goods, to the use of those goods and to the management of the resulting wastes discussing how the integration of blockchain technology in the idea of sustainability and waste management techniques improve the field of Industrial ecology"--

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Literature review and hypothesis development -- Chapter 3. Theoretical framework and methodology of research -- Chapter 4. Data analysis and results -- Chapter 5. Discussion -- Chapter 6. Conclusion and practical implications.

Electricity is a versatile form of energy that plays a vital role in fulfilling the daily requirements of human life. The primary aim of this study was to investigate and explore the link between economic growth, electricity access, energy use, and population growth in Pakistan for the period 1990&ndash ; 2016. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration was applied to investigate the causality link between the study variables. These tests shed light on the long-run connection among the variables ; further, the results revealed that the electricity access to the total population, electricity access to the urban population, energy usage, population growth, and urban population growth had a significant impact on economic growth, while the electricity access to the rural population and rural population growth had a negative impact on the economic growth in Pakistan. According to these findings, this study recommends that the government of Pakistan pay further attention to increasing its electricity production from different sources, including hydroelectric, solar, oil, and gas, and nuclear in order to fulfill the country&rsquo ; s demands.

OBJECTIVES: To compare outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: This retrospective chart review study was conducted on patients with COVID-19 infection admitted in Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from Jan 2020 to August 2021. Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was based on a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Using consecutive sampling technique, medical records of all patients with severe/ critical disease were scrutinized. Patients with incomplete data and those with a negative PCR despite suggestive radiological findings were excluded. Duration of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were compared amongst patients with and without DM. RESULTS: There were a total of 279 patients including 216 (77.42%) males. Of these, 92 (32.97%) had DM. Their mean age was 52.53±11.31 years. Duration of hospital stay was 10.18± 3.13 days in the overall cohort. There was a trend towards longer stay (10.70±3.51 days) in patients with DM as compared to 9.92±2.91 days in patients without DM (p= 0.052). In-hospital mortality was 46.74% (n=43/92) in patients with DM as compared to 28.34% (n=53/187) patients without DM (p=0.002). Hazard ratio for death in patients with DM was 1.673 (95% CI 1.207, 2.319). CONCLUSION: Pre-existing diabetes is associated with higher mortality rates in COVID-19 infection.

The macroeconomic term Twin deficit is intensive of the study, which refers to a situation when in an economy both current account and the budget deficits are running at the correspondent time period. The core objective of the paper to investigate the relationship among the twin deficit hypothesis and major macroeconomic variables (Gross domestic product, Foreign Direct Investment, money supply, and interest rate). The results of the study founded through the secondary time series quarterly data from 1992-2018 of Pakistan's economy. In the study to examine the stationary of data, applied Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and then used Vector Error Correction and Johansen co-integration Model to examine the short and long-term relationship among observed variables. The core finding of the study was that in short period along with long-run period Pakistan faced twin deficit situation due to positive association of current account deficit and Budget deficit. The outcomes of the study also indicate that GDP and FDI have positively long-run association while money supply and rate of interest have negatively long-run association with twin deficit. These results of the study are very helpful for the decision making and implementation of fiscal, monetary and export policies in Pakistan.

This article discusses the role played by the Council of Islamic Ideology, Federal Shariat Court and Shariat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in eradication of Rib┐ in Pakistan. It also discusses the practices of Government of Pakistan in this regard. The constitutional institutions of Pakistan, namely the Council of Islamic Ideology, Federal Shariat Court and Shariat Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, have not only made exhaustive efforts in defining the modern shapes of Rib┐ in Pakistan's economy, but also suggested a list of viable alternatives to it. While outlining, in chronological order, the efforts made by the abovementioned institutions, the article highlights Government's reluctance in eradicating the evil of Rib┐ form Pakistani Society.