Suchergebnisse

Dans un environnement où la concurrence devient de plus en plus rude, caractérisé par l'accélération du changement, l'augmentation du nombre des firmes multinationales et une globalisation marquée, on ne peut nier que la performance via la compétitivité est non seulement devenue une nécessité, mais doit obligatoirement s'intégrer au processus des objectifs stratégiques des organisations (Lioville et Bayad 1995). De ce fait, afin d'atteindre ces objectifs l'entreprise quel que soit sa taille, doit être compétitive pour survivre dans un marché mondialisé où la croissance erratique impose aux entreprises le choix d'une orientation proactive dans la gestion de ses activités (Seringhaus, 1993). La compétitivité est donc un levier important pour une bonne performance organisationnelle pour se démarquer de la concurrence. À cette fin, les dirigeants des petites et moyennes entreprises doivent développer davantage les compétences telles que la polyvalence, l'innovation, la culture et la vitalité (Filion, 1997). Les compétences reflètent le savoir, du savoir-faire et du savoir-vivre. L'image d'un manager dépend donc de la synergie entre ses compétences et sa culture nationale, car elles intègrent les composantes de personnalité et les types de compétences de ce dernier, qui affectent leur performance (Lorrain et al., 1998 ; Bayad Et al., 2006). La recherche vise à analyser les déterminants de la performance des PME à travers une enquête auprès de 30 PME marocaines de la province de Casablanca-Settat. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la performance des petites et moyennes entreprises au Maroc est significativement affectée par les compétences des managers (expliquées par l'éducation, les valeurs liées au travail, la religion, croyance en la chance et au mérite, croyance libérale, politique, valeurs liées à l'individualisme et valeurs liées au degré de féminisation dans la société).

In an environment where competition is becoming increasingly fierce, characterized by the acceleration of change, the increase in the number of multinational firms and marked globalization, it cannot be denied that performance via competitiveness has not only become a necessity. But must be integrated into the process of strategic objectives of organizations (Lioville and Bayad 1995). Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives, the company, whatever its size, must be competitive to survive in a globalized market where erratic growth requires companies to choose a proactive orientation in the management of its activities (Seringhaus, 1993). Competitiveness is therefore an important lever for achieving good organizational performance while standing out from the competition. To do this, SME managers must develop more skills such as: creativity, versatility, dynamism and culture (Filion, 1997). Competencies reflect knowledge (resulting from training), know-how (fruit of professional experience) and savoir-vivre (expression of the potential synergy of individuals when they work together). The manager's profile is therefore determined by a synergy of his skills and his national culture, because they bring together the personality traits and typologies of managerial skills of the latter which have an impact on their performance (Lorrain et al., 1998; Bayad et al., 2006). The study aims to'analyze the determinants of the performance of SMEs through a survey carried out among 30 Moroccan SMEs in the province of Casablanca-Settat with various activities. The results of this study show that the performance of Moroccan SMEs is clearly influenced by the skills of the manager (explained by training, experience and the entrepreneurial model), and the national culture of the manager (explained by education, values related to work, religious beliefs, beliefs in luck and merit, liberal beliefs, political, values related to individualism and those related to the degree of femininity in a society). ; Dans un environnement où la concurrence devient de plus en plus rude, caractérisé par l'accélération du changement,l'augmentation du nombre des firmes multinationales et une globalisation marquée, on ne peut nier que la performance via la compétitivité est non seulement devenue une nécessité, mais doit obligatoirement s'intégrer au processus des objectifs stratégiques des organisations (Lioville et Bayad 1995). De ce fait, afin d'atteindre ces objectifs l'entreprise quel que soit sa taille, doit être compétitive pour survivre dans un marché mondialisé où la croissance erratique impose aux entreprises le choix d'une orientation proactive dans la gestion de ses activités (Seringhaus, 1993). La compétitivité est donc un levier important pour une bonne performance organisationnelle pour se démarquer de la concurrence. À cette fin, les dirigeants des petites et moyennes entreprises doivent développer davantage les compétences telles que la polyvalence, l'innovation, la culture et la vitalité (Filion, 1997). Les compétences reflètent le savoir, du savoir-faire et du savoir-vivre. L'image d'un manager dépend donc de la synergie entre ses compétences et sa culture nationale, car elles intègrent les composantes de personnalité et les types de compétences de ce dernier, qui affectent leur performance (Lorrain et al., 1998 ; Bayad Et al., 2006). La recherche vise à analyser les déterminants de la performance des PME à travers une enquête auprès de 30 PME marocaines de la province de Casablanca-Settat. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la performance des petites et moyennes entreprises au Maroc est significativement affectée par les compétences des managers (expliquées par l'éducation, les valeurs liées au travail, la religion, croyance en la chance et au mérite, croyance libérale, politique, valeurs liées à l'individualisme et valeurs liées au degré de féminisation dans la société).

Cette recherche se penche sur la manière dont se construisent les enjeux stratégiques d'acteurs par rapport à l'offre publique en matière de développement social. Elle explore les processus de décision d'acteurs afin de comprendre le sens que l'acteur donne à son action en utilisant le modèle bureaucratique d'analyse (Allison 1969; 1971). Il s'agit notamment de préciser que le choix stratégique d'acteurs est déterminé par leurs modalités de construction des préférences et des divergences, leurs positions permettant de sélectionner une solution, leurs contraintes et les compromis politiques qu'elles doivent faire pour réaliser les objectifs de développement social. Notre objectif à travers cet article est de mieux comprendre la complexité, les règles de jeux, les formalités de la Co-construction, d'appropriation et la logique de la diversité d'acteurs qui participent à l'action publique de développement social au Maroc.

The world of leadership is very complicated and of enormous dimensions. Its studies contain various definitions, theories, schools of thoughts, models and different forms and styles. Furthermore, each situation requires a different type of leadership, although some styles are preferred over others by leaders and followers alike; It is hard to say which style works best. The science of leadership has to be well studied and understood in order to fight corruption. Corruption like leadership is a science by itself, it consists of different types and forms. According to studies, it is more prevalent in developing countries and some forms of corruption are already embedded to specific cultures. Corruption has left scholars wondering what causes this epidemic situation that seems to be present in every industry and country across history. There are many solutions to end corruption, however, as we intend to prove without ethics all of these solutions are worthless. Ethical Leadership and values are new concepts that scholars are still investigating. However, it is argued that it can reduce corruption immensely if implemented right. Certain guidelines have to be followed and other means of financial support have to be provided in order to make a significant and meaningful change. To end the interesting subject, practical research is conducted as followers and leaders provide their opinions on the subject of leadership, corruption, ethical leadership and ethics. The practical part consists of a survey answered by 100 participants and 5 interviews conducted with successful leaders. After extensive research, the main question is "Can the world of leadership and ethics help in the fight against corruption?" ; O mundo da liderança é de uma tremenda complexidade e enorme dimensão. Os estudos deste contêm diferentes definições, teorias, escolas de pensamento, modelos e diferentes formas e estilos. Cada situação requer um tipo especifico de liderança, embora alguns tipos sejam mais aceites pelos lideres e seguidores. É difícil saber que estilo resulta melhor. A ciência da liderança tem que ser bem estudado de forma a perceber e poder combater a corrupção. A corrupção, tal como a liderança, é uma ciência por sí própria, contendo diferentes tipos e formas. De acordo com diversos estudos, é mais prevalente em países em desenvolvimento e algumas formas de corrupção encontram-se inerentes a culturas especificas. A corrupção tem, ao longo dos séculos, deixados os estudiosos a interrogarem-se sobre a causa desta epidemia que parece estar presente em todas as indústrias e países do mundo ao longo da história. Existem diversas soluções para acabar com a corrupção, mas, sem o uso de Ética, nenhuma surtirá efeito. Liderança Ética e valores trata-se de um novo conceito que os estudiosos ainda se encontram a investigar. No entanto, é argumentado que poderá reduzir a corrupção, se for corretamente implementado. Certas indicações devem ser seguidas e meios financeiros devem ser dispensados para suportar uma mudança significativa Para acabar com o assunto interessante, a pesquisa prática é conduzida como seguidores e os líderes fornecem suas opiniões sobre o tema liderança, corrupção, liderança ética e ética. A parte prática consiste em uma pesquisa respondida por 100 participantes e 5 entrevistas realizadas com líderes bem-sucedidos. Após uma extensa pesquisa, a principal questão é: "O mundo da liderança e da ética pode ajudar na luta contra a corrupção?"

The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically the gender variations in informal sector entrepreneurship. Until now, a widely-held belief has been that entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector in developing nations are lowly paid, poorly educated, marginalized populations doing so out of necessity as a survival strategy in the absence of alternatives. Reporting an extensive 2003 survey conducted in urban Brazil of informal sector entrepreneurs operating micro-enterprises with five or less employees, the finding is that although less than half of these entrepreneurs are driven out of necessity into entrepreneurial endeavor in the informal economy, women are more commonly necessity-driven entrepreneurs and receive lower incomes from their entrepreneurial endeavor than men despite being better educated. The outcome is a call to recognize how the gender disparities in the wider labor market are mirrored and reinforced by the participation of men and women in the realm of informal sector entrepreneurship.

"Both a conceptual inquiry into Islamic law developed through Islamic thought and a genealogy of modern law, this book offers a new way to conceptualize Shari'a and Western law, their encounter and their duality. Rather than confining Islam to a "religion", The Life of Shari'a takes it as an ethical episteme with its own concepts and categories through which the world and the self are known, shaping forms of life in contemporary Muslim societies. Immersed in philosophy, political theory, theology, and jurisprudence, this book engages with great works of Islamic and Western thought. In The Life of Shari'a, Islamic knowledges inform a critical historical anthropology of modern law, bringing its Christian trajectory and its circulation outside Europe under a new light"--

"This book consists of five chapters that focus on recent agricultural policy. Chapter one argues that adaptation and households' responses to changes in the environment are complicated by the fact that human actions do not occur in a social vacuum and are often mediated by a variety of historical and social factors, which are socially embedded. Chapter two explores the significance of wage employment to rural livelihoods and how the enduring formal unemployment crisis, witnessed since the 1990s, has affected peasant agriculture. Based on an application of Mancur Olson's collective action approach, chapter three draws attention to the role of Northern development NGOs in advancing agricultural protectionism. Using Malawi as a case study, chapter four contributes to the contemporary debates on the youth employment challenge, particularly those centered on the potential role of agriculture in solving youth unemployment, accelerating economic growth, and accelerating intra-continental trade. Chapter five provides a brief scrutiny of major issues in agricultural policy analysis aiming at contributing to informed policy debate in this subject area."