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Personalauswahl in der Sekundarschule und die Rolle des Migrationshintergrundes: Eine qualitative Forschungsarbeit realisiert durch Leitfadeninterviews mit Schulleitungen im Kanton Zürich
In der Bildungspolitik werden mehr Lehrpersonen mit Migrationshintergrund gefordert. Es werden diverse Wünsche und Hoffnungen an sie herangetragen. Einer der Gründe ist die Bildungsbenachteiligung von Lernenden mit Migrationshintergrund. Lehrkräfte mit Migrationshintergrund sollen diesem entgegenwirken. Basierend auf diesen Forderungen war das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit herauszufinden, wie Schulleitungen im Kanton Zürich Lehrpersonen im Bewerbungsprozess auswählen und inwieweit der Migrationshintergrund der Lehrkraft im schulischen Umfeld eine Rolle spielt. Hierzu wurden vier Schulleitungen im Kanton Zürich in qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz (2018) ausgewertet. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass die Fächerkombination und das Pensum wichtige formale Kriterien sind. Darüber hinaus ist für die Schulleitungen von Bedeutung, dass die Lehrpersonen ähnliche pädagogische und didaktische Ansichten vertreten, im Team zusammenarbeiten und zuverlässig sind. Diversitätsthemen wie Alter, Geschlecht, Biografie und Migrationshintergrund werden ebenfalls als Auswahlkriterien genannt. Letzteres Kriterium wird nur von einer Schulleitung ohne externe Impulse thematisiert. Bedeutsame Punkte beim Migrationshintergrund einer Lehrperson sind ihre Deutschkompetenz, die Mehrsprachigkeit in diversen Kontexten, die interkulturelle Kompetenz und die Vorbildfunktion. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Erwartungen an Lehrpersonen mit Migrationshintergrund gleichen denen von Rotter (2014). Zudem spielen affektive Auswahlkriterien, wie zum Beispiel das Bauchgefühl, ebenfalls eine entscheidende Rolle. Eine zentrale Schlussfolgerung ist, dass das Auswahlverfahren an den Zürcher Schulen verbessert werden muss, damit institutionelle Diskriminierungen abgebaut werden. Nebstdem hinaus braucht es für Lehrpersonen mit Migrationshintergrund biografisch selbstreflexive Schulungen, damit sie ihren Migrationshintergrund professionell im schulischen Umfeld ...
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Restructured Safe Havens: A Proposal for Reform of the Refugee Protection System
In: Human rights quarterly, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 1-56
ISSN: 1085-794X
Restructured safe havens: a proposal for reform of the refugee protection system
In: Human rights quarterly: a comparative and international journal of the social sciences, humanities, and law, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 1-56
ISSN: 0275-0392
Argues that current system does not adequately address situations of mass influx, and affords more protection to people who have crossed international borders than to those who have not; focus on role of UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Examples of Sri Lanka and Tamil refugees in India, constraints, lack of accurate reporting and protection, burden-sharing, causes of flight, non-refoulement, and alternative mechanisms.
ARTICLES - Restructured Safe Havens: A Proposal for Reform of the Refugee Protection System
In: Human rights quarterly: a comparative and international journal of the social sciences, humanities, and law, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 1-56
ISSN: 0275-0392
High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein as a Pro-inflammatory marker for the components of metabolic syndrome
Background:Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a clinical entity characterized by the cluster of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, atherogenic lipid profile, hypertension, abdominal obesity.CRP (C- reactive protein) is an acute-phase reactant and nonspecific marker of inflammation, produced predominantly in hepatocytes as a pentamer of identical subunits in response to several cytokines. The CRP in plaque deposition is highly complex, exerting pro-atherogenic effects in many cells involved in atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted by Department of Internal Medicine of Government Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, South India, a tertiary care centre catering to rural population. A total of hundred patients were included in the study. The components of metabolic syndrome were defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for South Asians.According to the guidelines, hs-CRP level of less than 1.0 mg/L is considered as low risk, 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L as moderate risk, and greater than 3.0 mg/L as high risk. Blood sample was drawn in the morning after 10 hours of fasting, to measure venous plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,serum triglyceride levels (TG) and hsCRP. Results:A highly positive correlation was established between hS-CRP and all the components of metabolic syndrome except for HDL cholesterol which showed a negative correlation. A univariate type of analysis had shown a statistically significant association between hsCRP and the metabolic syndrome components. The result further showed that hS-CRP level was found to be 1.12mg/dl when only one component of metabolic syndrome was present, whereas the mean level had raised to 2.89mg/dl when all the five components of metabolic syndrome was present. Conclusion:Hence hs- CRP can probably be used as a surrogate marker of chronic ...
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Sickle cell disease in Sudanese children & psychosocial problems faced by children and parents – a two-scale study
In: Vulnerable children and youth studies, Band 18, Heft 4, S. 554-569
ISSN: 1745-0136
Learning Satisfaction Among Students Of A Higher Learning Institution For E-Learning Mode Of Teaching During Covid-19 Pandemic
Background:During the pandemic situation of COVID-19, the majority of institutions were facing challenges in the teaching, and learning process. This impact hampered the quality of education globally. Most of the academic institutions shifted to the E-learning mode for the fulfilments of teaching and learning. However, due to a lack of available resources and direct contact with students, it is not possible to manage every academic institution. This study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction of e - teaching and learning among students during the COVID-19 at Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Methods:A Course Evaluation Survey was conducted during the academic year 2020-2021 among the students of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. For this study, a self-administered online-based questionnaire was used through College Survey Management Information system. Results:For this survey, 1160 students of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences responded to the online survey questionnaire. Nearly 40.08 % was strongly agreed, 41.55 was only agreed, 4.05 was undecided, 7.5% disagreed, and 5.55% strongly disagreed with E-learning during COVID 19 lockdown situation. The satisfaction towards initial instructions, instructors, punctuality, course material relevance, activity during the course, and desirability of assessments was strongly agreed upon by the students. However, it was relatively higher in males than in females. Least number of respondents 5% were not satisfied with the above criteria. Conclusions:the majority of students viewed E-learning favourably. However, numerous obstacles operate as a deterrent to using electronic technologies in medical education. Better technology will improve the satisfaction of the students with the e-mode of the learning process.
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Perspectives, Practices, and Challenges of Online Teaching During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Survey
In: HELIYON-D-23-13693
SSRN
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
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