What Is the "Preparation" in the Preparing for Death?: New Confrontations with Death and Dying in Iraq
In: Current anthropology, Band 60, Heft 6, S. 796-812
ISSN: 1537-5382
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In: Current anthropology, Band 60, Heft 6, S. 796-812
ISSN: 1537-5382
In: Current anthropology, Band 56, Heft S11, S. S108-S115
ISSN: 1537-5382
In: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Band 17, Heft 3, S. 671-672
ISSN: 1467-9655
In: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 208-209
ISSN: 1467-9655
In: Anthropology of the Middle East, Band 6, Heft 1
ISSN: 1746-0727
In: Ethnos: journal of anthropology, Band 75, Heft 4, S. 425-446
ISSN: 1469-588X
In: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Band 16, Heft 4, S. 935-936
ISSN: 1467-9655
In: Anthropology of the Middle East, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 1-23
ISSN: 1746-0727
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Working paper
Basierend auf einer Dokumentenanalyse beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit mit möglichen Herausforderungen der Akteur*innen in der Bildungs- und darauf bezogenen Beratungslandschaft für Flüchtlinge, die mit der Fluchtbewegung im Jahr 2015 entstanden bzw. erweitert wurde und mit persönlichen Erfahrungen der Betroffenen, die an dem Angebot teilnahmen haben, dadurch konnten Verbesserungsvorschläge für mögliche zukünftige Initiativen erfasst werden. Durch den Methodenmix konnten folgende Aussagen ermittelt werden. Die Herausforderungen, mit denen die Organisationen konfrontiert sind, sind in den Bereichen Finanzierung, Personal, Zusammenarbeit, Medien, Zielgruppe und Politik angesiedelt. Die Finanzierung wie auch die Asylpolitik haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Fortbestand der angebotenen Maßnahmen, aber auch auf die Mitarbeiter*innenzahl. Viele Organisationen sind von staatlichen Kürzungen betroffen und sind sich ihres Fortbestands nicht sicher. Hierbei spielen das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement und der Gewinn von Spendengeldern eine große Rolle, da von Seiten der Organisationen keine Erwartung bezüglich Änderungen der staatlichen Förderungen besteht. Es konnte herausgefunden werden, dass die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Organisationen ein wichtiger Faktor ist, um den Bedarf der Zielgruppe zu ermitteln, aber auch um neue Initiativen zu starten. Ebenso konnte festgestellt werden, dass die mediale Berichterstattung über Flüchtlinge, aber auch über die Organisationen, die Angebote für Flüchtlinge anbieten, die Finanzierung der Angebote beeinflusst. Der Umgang mit dem Schicksal der Geflüchteten und deren ungewisser Asylstatus stellt ebenso eine Herausforderung für die Mitarbeiter*innen dar. Die Herausforderungen mit denen die Betroffenen im Bildungs- bzw. darauf bezogenen Beratungsbereich auf Basis ihrer Teilnahme konfrontiert sind, befinden sich in der Qualität der Bildungsmaßnahmen, dem Zugang zu diesen und in der psychischen Belastung durch die Fluchterfahrung. ; Based on a document analysis, this thesis deals with possible challenges of the actors in the educational and related to that counseling landscape for refugees, which was created or expanded with the escape movement in the year 2015 and with personal experiences of those involved in that offer who were able to identify suggestions for possible future initiatives. The following statements could be determined by the method mix. The challenges that organizations face are in the areas of finance, human resources, cooperation, media, target groups and politics. The financing as well as the asylum policy have a decisive influence on the continuance of the offered measures, but also on the number of employees. Many organizations are affected by government cuts and are not sure about their survival. Civic engagement and donations will play a major role in this, as there is no expectation from the organizations about changes in state funding. It has been found that collaboration is an important factor in identifying the needs of the target group, but also to launch new initiatives. It was also found that the media coverage about refugees, but also about the organizations which offer deals for refugees, affects the financing of the deals. Dealing with the fate of refugees and their uncertain asylum status is also a challenge for the employees. The challenges faced by participants in the educational or related field of advice can be named as the quality of the educational opportunities, the difficult accesse to educational measures and the mental stress out of the refugee background. ; Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2019 ; (VLID)4508241
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Deployment of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in crafting smart cities in the Gulf Cooperation Council region including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. Increasing economic dynamism in the GCC region has led development authorities, infrastructure companies, governmental and corporate entities to be more cognizant of deploying ICT solutions for various infrastructural platforms such as intelligent transportation, telecommunications, airports, sustainable environments, public safety, energy efficient buildings, residential and utilities projects. These projects not only stretch the limits of creativity, but also inform us about the neoliberal trajectories pursued by "globalizing" cities and their excessive focus on sustaining competitiveness. This study looks at these trajectories by specifically focusing on the interstices of smart cities and competitiveness through the role played by communication technologies. An initial question to tackle with pertains to the definition of a smart city as this concept is used in diverse ways in the literature. Transforming the cities into smart ones is a newly emerging strategy to deal with the problems created by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Smart city is often defined as "an icon of a sustainable and livable city." Why Gulf countries have been investing in smart cities? Is the emergence of smart cities a mere reflection or neoliberal urbanization or are there other dynamics that we need to take into consideration? This paper attempts to convey the message that smart cities are crucial means of building social capital and also attaining better governance mechanisms in the Gulf.
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"A documentation of over 100 major architectural projects in the Middle East from 2000 through 2009"--
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
BASE
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
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