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The research aims to find out about the conception of the state of law and democracy aspired by Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar. The type of research used in this study is the socio-juridical type of research. Juridically because the unit of analysis in this research is an idea, the idea knows the concept. Where in what is meant is an idea Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar about the concept of a state of law and democracy. Empirically the author sought to see the historical facts about the application of the concept correlated with the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the era of President Soekarno's leadership. The results showed Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar wanted the Indonesian state as an Islamic state with a presidential system of government while still carrying out the principles of true democracy. True democracy means Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar is a tribute to the values of martyrdom, pluralism, and justice. This certainly requires better time, methods, and refinements if you want to be applied in a plural Indonesia.

This article discusses the social facts experienced by Americans in literature, especially novel. Literary work as a social documentation imagined by the author is a reflection of the values of a nation or ethnicity. The main objective of research is to trace the reality of slavery that occurred in America as a social fact in literary works. This research is useful in strengthening the sociological aspects of literary works as well as proving that literary works save a social reality at the time so that readers are able to judge literary works not merely as fiction, but also as social documentation. The writer in this study uses one of the literary research methods, namely Genetic Structuralism Approach. This method emphasizes three main aspects, namely literary work, the background of the author's life, and social reality. Novel Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl written by Harriet Ann Jacobs in 1858 was used as primary research data, then a number of references about the author's social background and the reality of slavery in the history of the American nation became secondary data. Primary and secondary research data obtained through literature study. Based on the results of this study found the events of slavery in the history of the American nation. Slavery was the act of white Americans forcibly employing black Negroes on the lands of plantation and agricultural also mining areas. Slavery is a valuable lesson for Americans in protecting human rights today as well as a historic lesson in building the American national spirit, namely freedom, independence, and democracy. The reality of slavery is reflected in the novel Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl as well as the life experience of its author, Harriet Ann Jacobs.

Supervision is a professional supervision, because it is also more specific in addition to observing academic activities that are based on scientific ability, and the approach is no longer the usual management supervision, but more demanding democratic and humanistic professional abilities by education supervisions. Supervision carried out by supervisors using group techniques, namely through activities such as: orientation meetings, teacher meetings, group studies between teachers, discussions as an exchange of thoughts or opinions, workshops, sharing of experiences, panel discussions, seminars and symposiums. In addition to group supervision techniques used also use individual techniques. Individual supervision techniques used by supervisors in carrying out teaching supervision programs such as class visits, classroom observations, intervisitation, self-assessment, teaching demonstrations, and supervision bulletins. Based on the implementation of various academic supervision techniques, the teacher is expected to have competence so that the learning process is conducive.

This article reveals the existence of the salafī community with its various social and religious effects as a new phenomenon of religious diversity in Kendari. Since the presence of the Islamic Center Muadz bin Jabal, the social and religious life of Kendari has indicated some shifts both socially and culturally. Since this issue has not been explored, it is aimed at providing an overview of the existence of ICM as salafī community and its implications for society in a comprehensive manner. This research is qualitative research with a sociological approach with functional and interactional theories. This study shows that the ICM as salafī community has a big influence on presenting new religious phenomenon. They have taken over some religious stages which have been dominated by old communities such as NU and Muhammadiyah, reinforced by the presence of their mass media. The thoughts of salafī, which were initially opposed, began to be accepted by the public and the government, for the salafī in Kendari is generally tolerant, socializing, and adaptable. although there are small groups that are still extreme and less tolerant.Keywords: Salafī; social transformation; Islamic Center Muadz bin Jabal; Kendari; يكشف هذا المقال عن وجود مجتمع السلفي كظاهرة جديدة للتنوع الديني في كنداري مع آثارها الإجتماعية والدينية المختلفة. منذ وجود المركز الإسلامي معاذ بن جبل (ICM)، أشارت الحياة الإجتماعية والدينية في كنداري إلى عدد من التحولات الإجتماعية والثقافية. لم تتأثر ظاهرة الحياة الإجتماعية للتنوع الجديد بالبحث العلمي الذي يقدم نظرة عامة على وجود السلفي وآثاره على المجتمع بطريقة شاملة. هذا البحث هو البحث النوعي مع النهج الاجتماعي مع النظريات الوظيفية والتفاعلية. توضح هذه الدراسة أن المركز الإسلامي معاذ بن جبل كمجتمع السلفيين له تأثير كبير في تقديم ظاهرة دينية جديدة. لقد استولوا على عدد من المراحل الدينية التي سيطرت عليها المجتمعات القديمة مثل نهضة العلماء (NU) والمحمدية(Muhammadiyah)، معززة بوجود وسائل الإعلام الجماهيرية. فتقبل أفكار السلفي بين المسلمين بزيادة التقاليد الرمزية السلفية بينهم. فالبحث يدل على أن السلفيين في كنداري ...

The Social Criticism of Indian in the Novel The Pearl by John Steinbeck is concerned with socialcriticism on the disruption of the Indians' life in Southern America 1940s. They were found tohave been unjustly treated and pressed by the European immigrants. This writing addressescriticisms on the social inequalities that emerge as a result of the presence of the immigrants. It isan attempt to address the Indians' struggle against the existing immigrants to overcome theeconomics of social conditions.Data were mainly obtained from related references as the secondary data and the novel The Pearlas its primary data. Other supporting documents were also taken to base the analysis. In doing so,the Structural Genetics approach that is the combination between fictional intrinsic elements suchas the plot, character, setting, theme and the external aspect such as the author's socialbackground and social reality of people was used.The result of this writing appears that the appearances of structural elements in the novel ThePearl depict the social, political, and economical conditions of Southern America in Mexico.John Steinbeck as the novel's author seemed to suggest the awakening of the Indians' struggleagainst social disruption due to the emergence of European immigrants. He insisted the Indianson organizing their struggle for better life.Key Words: Social criticism, Inequalities, Indians" struggle, Structural Genetic Approach

Generasi muda pelanjut masa depan bangsa Indonesia harus memiliki keterampilan berbahasa asing yang memadai, khususnya bahasa Inggris. Bahasa asing ini dibutuhkan guna mendukung pengetahuan utama yang dimilikinya, seperti pengetahuan agama, politik, hukum, ekonomi, sastra, matematika, biologi, kimia, teknik, kedokteran, dan lain-lain. Olehnya itu saat ini tidak bisa dielakkan lagi bahwa persaingan dunia global dan daya saing memicu berbagai kalangan masyarakat perlu melakukan kiat-kiat strategis dalam melakukan ekspansi secara global.Tuntutan terpenuhinya sumber daya manusia dengan daya saing tinggi mendorong lembaga pendidikan agama juga ikut bergerak memasukkan bahasa Inggris sebagai bagian dari muatan kurikulum belajar. Lembaga pendidikan agama yang dimaksud mulai dari sekolah-sekolah agama seperti Madrasah hingga yang terendah, yakni TPA Al Qur'an. Santri pada TPA Al Qur'an perlu diberi penekanan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris sebab mereka merupakan generasi pemula dengan gairah belajar dan bermain yang tinggi. Usia peka mereka terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan berbahasa asing perlu dimanfaatkan. Jadi bahasa Inggris diajarkan kepada mereka sebatas keterampilan dasar atau perkenalan saja.

A polypyrrole-based ammonia-detection gas sensor was studied in this work. Under a 1.6 V electrodeposition potential, polypyrrole (PPy) was electrochemically synthesized from an aqueous solution of 0.1 M pyrrole and 0.1 M oxalic acid. An extension to the polypyrrole films was applied through electrochemical deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO), using the metal oxide nanoparticles of MgO and WO3. These films were investigated for their sensing behavior towards NH3 at different working temperatures and different weight percentages of nanoparticles .The measurements of A.C conductivity were conducted over a frequency range of 101-105 Hz and temperature range of 298-423 K . The highest electrical conductivity was equal to 3.67x10-1 Ω.cm-1 at a temperature of 323 K and frequency of 105H z. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity of the undoped and doped PPy with nanoparticle films to ammonia gas changes with the change in temperature and weight percentage.

After getting rid of ISIL's military presence in Iraq, the problem of having a strategic vision in recruiting the PMF strengthened national security. In addition to the internal and external challenges that do not agree on a unified vision about these forces, which now has a law and regulation governing its work. In light of these changes, a vision is formed of the possibilities of employing these forces and making them an independent institution linked to the commander in chief of the Iraqi armed forces while preserving their national identity. The study was divided into two major parts. The first included the political and doctrinal dimensions of issuing the fatwa of jihad and the stage that witnessed the establishment of Hashed al-Shaabi. The second part included the strategic vision of employing Hashed al-Shaabi in a post- ISIL period. This part dealt with the obstacles to the strategic recruitment of Hashed al-Shaabi. Internal obstacles such as terrorism, political sectarianism and administrative corruption. The external obstacles dealt with the positions of some international and regional forces toward Hashed al-Shaabi and It's relationship with Iran. The last part discussed the possibilities of strategic recruitment of Hashed al-Shaabi in Iraq. The study relied on a number of references that dealt with the subject of Hashed al-Shaabi in several languages, such as books, analysis of research centers and academic articles for specialized researchers and media such as newspapers and television. In addition to the laws and decisions of the Iraqi government issued about Hashed al-Shaabi.