Suchergebnisse

Святой Олав является важной фигурой как в политической, так и в религиозной жизни средневековой Норвегии. Развитие каменного строительства в Нидаросе (совр. Тронхейм) прямым образом связано с церковной историей: обособлением норвежской Церкви от шведского архиепископства в Лунде и созданием римским легатом Николасом Брейкспиром самостоятельного архиепископского центра в Тронхейме в 1152-1153 гг. Большую роль в перестройке собора сыграло широкое распространение культа св. Олава и становление крупного паломнического центра в Нидаросе. Цель данной публикации изучить историю культа Олава Святого в Норвегии и определить его влияние на архитектуру собора в Нидаросе. В статье также воссоздается история строительства Нидаросского собора (ок. 1070-1300-е гг.) и выявляются основные особенности его архитектурных конструкций и декоративных элементов. Кроме того, в публикации исследуются возможные иноземные влияния, которые, тем или иным образом, проявились в архитектуре собора. Автор проводит прямые параллели с английскими памятниками и выявляет причины возникновения тех или иных деталей в норвежском храме. ; The article is devoted to the cult of St. Olav in Norway and the history of construction of the Nidaros Cathedral. Saint Olav is a signifi cant figure in political and religious life of the Medieval Norway. He was a king of Norway and he extirpated paganism and accomplished the Christianization of Norway. The development of the stone building in Nidaros is linked to the Church history: separation of the Norwegian Church from the Sweden archbishopric in Lund and establishing an independent archepiscopal see at Trondheim by the papal legate Nicholas Breakspear in 1152-1153. Wide spreading of St. Olav's cult and the formation of a pilgrim centre in Nidaros had a great influence on the reconstruction of the Cathedral. The main aim of this article is to research the history of St. Olav's cult in Norway and to defi ne its infl uence on the Cathedral architecture in Nidaros. The article traces back the history of the building and reveals the unique features of the architectural constructions and decorative elements. Moreover, the publication studies the foreign architectural samples which were used in the Cathedral. The author compares the English monuments with the Nidaros Cathedral and determines the reasons of the emerging of a variety of details in Norwegian Cathedral.

Целью данной работы является изучение культа св. Суннивы, первой норвежской святой, единственной женщины в пантеоне норвежских святых и покровительницы Западной Норвегии. В статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь культа св. Суннивы с каменной церковной архитектурой конца XI первой половины XIV в. Западной Норвегии. Автор исследует влияние английской, немецкой и ломбардской архитектурных школ на норвежское зодчество. ; St. Sunniva is the first Norwegian saint, the only female in the Norwegian Church and the patron of Western Norway. The main purpose of the paper is the research of the cult of St. Sunniva and her relation with the cult stone architecture of Western Norway XI-XIV centuries. To begin with the author studies the history of Sunniva's legend and she gives the main information about her life and future fate of her remains. She pays attention to the social and political context in which the cult has developed. It is important for understanding causes of the development of this cult in Western Norway. Then the author moves on to one of the important issue of this article concerning the relationship of the cult of St. Sunniva with stone church architecture from the end of XI to the first half of XIV century of Western Norway. The article traces back the history of construction of four stone cultic buildings. Three of them are monastic churches of Benedictine Order, such as, St. Alban, Nonneseter and Munkeliv. Also she analysis Christ church in Bergen which, according to the author, built by English masons who accessory to the erection of the above mentioned monument. These churches were linked with the cult of St. Sunniva and Benedictine Order which was one of the most influence church organizations in Norway at that time. The author investigates the influences of the English, German and Lombard architectural schools on the Norwegian architecture. Note that new construction technology, methods of erection of stone churches, some forms and design were introduced by English masons who appeared with the first missionaries in the 11th century. The paper discusses the relationship between Lund and Bergen and defines the significance of Rhine-Lombard style in the Norwegian architecture. Summarize the history of the cult of St. Sunniva connected with the activities of the English monks. Compositional techniques, interior design and decorative elements of stone churches of Western Norway show the link with architecture of Benedictine Order which was based on Anglo-Norman samples. In addition, the decorative elements of the Norwegian churches of the 12-13 centuries refer us to the architecture of Lombardy and Rhine. Since the mid-12th century Cathedral of Christ in Bergen became a sample for the parish and monastic churches of Western Norway. This leads to the development of certain architectural regularities.