В статье описывается краткая история учреждения в СССР почетных званий «Города-героя», а в Российской Федерации «Города воинской славы». Анализируется опыт проведения лектория на тему: «Говорят города воинской славы» в ходе обучения студентов в рамках изучения курса «История России» на негуманитарных факультетах Российского университета дружбы народов. Автором представлены рекомендации, приведены отзывы студентов. ; The article is devoted to the issue of establishing the honorary titles "Hero-city" in the USSR and "City of military glory" in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the experience of holding the lyceum "Cities of military glory report" in the course of teaching History of Russia at non-humanitarian faculties of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. There are given the author's methodological recommendations and students' opinions.
В статье анализируется биография полного генерала русской армии, героя Первой мировой войны А.А. Брусилова, с чьим именем связан термин «Брусиловский прорыв». Автор оценивает уровень теоретической подготовленности А.А. Брусилова, получившего полное военное образование в царской России, выявляет наличие ряда перекликающихся моментов в биографиях А.А. Брусилова и А.В. Суворова, акцентирует внимание на схожем происхождении двух российских героев, чьи семьи принадлежали к военным династиям царской России. Автор делает вывод о важности преемственности поколений в вопросе формирования эффективно действующей армии, которая существовала в имперский период. Также эта традиция не была прервана при рождении нового советского государства. ; The article analyzes the biography of Russian full general A.A. Brusilov − the hero of World War I, whose name is associated with the term "Brusilov Offensive". The author exa-mines his views on the new situation which developed in Russia during the two revolutions of 1917, and then in the Soviet period. The author highly appreciates the theoretical preparation level of A.A. Brusilov, who got full military education in tsarist Russia; reveals the pre-sence of numerous analogous episodes in the biographies of A.A. Brusilov and A.V. Suvorov. He focuses on the similar origin of two Russian heroes, whose families belonged to the military dynasties of imperial Russia. The author concludes that the continuity of generations is very important in the issue of effective army's functioning. This tradition was preserved in the new Soviet state.
Авторы анализируют литературу по количеству людских потерь в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Выделяется группа авторов, формулирующих в своих работах выводы о «многократном превышении людских потерь Красной армии над потерями вермахта» в операциях Великой Отечественной войны Борис Соколов, Марк Солонин, Гавриил Попов, Владимир Бешанов, Андрей Зубов. Данной группе современных исследователей авторы противопоставляют выводы зарубежных авторов американского и британского историков Дэвида Гланца и Роберта Кершоу, а также российского военного специалиста-исследователя В.В. Литвиненко. ; The authors analyze the sources on the number of casualties during the Second World War and reveal the trend according to which during the initial period of the post-Soviet time there was the idea of the ''excessive cost of the Victory''. Then there appeared the idea that the Red Army losses greatly exceeded those of the German troops and their allies. Besides, in recent years there has been the statement of the considerable numerical superiority of the Red Army before and during the war. These are Boris Sokolov, Mark Solonin, Gavriil Popov, Vladimir Beshanov and Andrei Zubov who make up the group of authors comingto such conclusions. As the cause of heavy losses in the initial operations of the war,they consider the low morale of the Red Army, the lack of the ability to fight, the Red Army "incompetent commanders". In contrast to these conclusionsthe authors adducethose of foreign ones American and British historians David Glantz and Robert Kershaw as well as Russian military researcher V. Litvinenko. The latter has highlighted three important qualities of the Red Army. Firstly, the soldiers and officers of the Red Army more firmly and courageously defended the Soviet Union in 1941, than the soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht of Germany in 1945. Secondly, in the decisive battles of the war the command of the Red Army was more far-sighted and realistic compared with the command of the Wehrmacht in the assessment of the situation at the front and reacted more promptly and adequately in the current combat situation. Thirdly, the Red Army not only surpassed the Wehrmacht with its combat power and military prowess, but also demonstrated the immensely higher morality in dealing with the defeated enemy and the civilians. The combination of outstanding military and moral qualities puts the Red Army in the first row of the greatest armies in the world history. V. Litvinenko has counted the 'irretrievable loss of human life in the battles of the war' and his estimation has refuted the existing opinion of the 'multiple excess of casualty losses of the Red Army over the Wehrmacht' in the Great Patriotic War operations.
