В статье рассматриваются вопросы корпоративной социальной ответственности с позиций ее оценки и измерения. На основе анализа эволюции корпоративной социальной ответственности, аргументации кризиса современной модели социального государства предлагаются новые методологические походы к оценке экономического и социального развития через непрерывное благополучие человека и общества (wellbeing). Приводятся подходы к измерению корпоративной социальной ответственности на микроуровне через качество жизни и непрерывное благополучие человека в организации; показатели оценки удовлетворенности трудом и комплексной оценки качества трудовой жизни. ; In the article the questions of corporate social responsibility are examined from positions of her estimation and measuring. On the basis of analysis of evolution of modern model of the «social state» new methodological hikes are offered to the estimation of economic and social through continuous prosperity of man and societies (wellbeing). Approaches over are brought to measuring of corporate social responsibility through quality of life and continuous prosperity of man in organization. Indexes over of estimation of satisfaction are brought by labour and complex estimation of quality of labour life.
Изложены общие теоретические подходы к определению социальной деятельности предпрюпия, рассматриваются принципы социальной политики на предприятии, показана ее структура. Даны обзор существующих концептуальных подходов теории фирмы и особенности формирования подобной теории в переходной экономике России. ; In this article stating general theoretical approaches for definition of enterprise's social activities, coinciding principles of enterprise's social politics, coinciding its structure. In that article summarizing firm's theory and what its puts in Russia today.
Систематизированы проблемы развития сельского хозяйства в контексте вступления России в ВТО; проанализирована эволюция взглядов на проблемы продовольственной безопасности; представлены меры государственной поддержки сельского хозяйства в классификации ВТО и более подробно рассмотрены мероприятия государственной поддержки в рамках «зеленой корзины». ; The problems of agriculture in Russia worsened due to the entry of our country into the WTO. The main negative tendencies that impede the development of agriculture and threaten national food security are: 1) lack of strong output growth. The index of agricultural output Russia has not yet reached the level of 1990; 2) agriculture in Russia is still dependent on climatic conditions, which, in particular due to backward technology, are the prevalence of patriarchal production; 3) imbalances which are formed in the two main sectors of agriculture crop and livestock production; 4) agricultural wages remain among the lowest in the country; 5) Russia retains the traditional position of being a net importer of food products, meat supplies are still the main item of the agricultural food imports; 6) agriculture has the lowest proportion of workers with higher education, and so on. Thus, the extent of the threats and the real damage done to the food security of the country in recent years, especially in the 1990s, make this problem extremely important. The problem of food security in Russia has attracted increasing attention of politicians, scientists and ordinary people. The issues of food security are not unique to Russia or any other country. And, despite the fact that the problems and directions of agricultural complex development deteriorated due to Russia's entry into the WTO, agricultural development, food markets and food security is a global concern and the object of attention of the world community, global institutions. Russia's accession to the WTO is an objective and logical process, and the development of agriculture, agro-industrial complex as a whole, increasing its competitiveness is a paramount task, regardless of whether Russia becomes a member of this international organisation or not. Joining the WTO will lead to much more profound changes in the economy than the discovery of specific markets, so one needs a broader view of the need for and impact of the entry. In particular, these effects are linked to changes in concepts, forms and approaches to state support of agriculture and the agro-industrial complex (AIC) as a whole. In the interpretation of the WTO there are three types of state support (three boxes) of agriculture. Amber (yellow) box is direct and limited, blue box is linked to the objective of reducing production. Green box includes measures that are implemented through programs funded by taxpayers' money. Many types of support implemented in Russia refer to the ''amber box'', although they can be put in the ''green box'' by changing their methodology. This, of course, is a complex task that requires political will. Forms of government support should develop from direct support (''amber box'') towards the use of budget funds in the framework of the ''green box''.
Статья носит постановочный характер, в ней обозначены направления исследования рынка труда в рамках экономической теории и экономической социологии; анализируются трудовая мобильность, трудовая миграция, безопасные условия труда с позиций междисциплинарного синтеза. Выделяются направления научных исследований рынка труда и трудовой деятельности, необходимость формирования новых методологических подходов в экономической науке. ; Work, professional work are the most important components of life that reveal to the person the enormous revenue opportunities and realize their potential. Work is also one of the fundamental values of economic culture, which is manifested through the relationship of person and society to work. The labour market, in particular, acts as the original criterion of social change in society. Massive changes in the labour market indicate social changes, their positive or negative direction. The labour market is a category of not only economic, but also social order. Labour market research in this regard is carried out by a number of sciences (Economics, Labour Economy, Sociology, Sociology of Work, Sociology of Labour Market). However, the basis of theoretical research in the science of work and labour market is laid by Economics. To analyze the economic behaviour of actors in the labour market there are four basic principles: 1) the principle of self-interest; 2) the principle of utility; 3) the principle of cost minimization; 4) the principle of maximizing profits. Recognition of ''the principle of economic individualism'' as obsolete, excluding individual characteristics of the person, group and society from the economic analysis, results in the appeal to the social sciences, in particular to the methodology of economic sociology in the study of economic behaviour of actors in the labour market. Economic sociology presents a socialized person, able to develop and implement new social roles; economic relations between people and organizations do not exist in the abstract model of an idealized market, but work through the social network, the social structure. Interdisciplinary analysis and synthesis allows to identify and summarize the specific features of the functioning of the Russian labour market and its segments; to produce adequate directions of state regulation of the labour market and the social and labour relations, including policies on income, employment, job creation, creating a safe labour environment; to predict the trends of the labour market, its potential problems, and develop preventive measures. It should be noted that the irrational behaviour of the Russians, the importance of social relations and links, cultural diversity, multi-ethnicity in our country, authority based on the social relations make the interdisciplinary studies in the economy, employment in particular, topical. Economics must also undergo changes and be adequate to new economic, social and political circumstances, and investigate the formation of the person (human behaviour) in life and work in the new global environment.
