Suchergebnisse

На основе анализа переписки эмигрировавшего в Германию бывшего профессора Санкт-Петербургского университета Ф.А. Брауна и академика С.Ф. Платонова восстановлены неизвестные страницы изучения крымских средневековых памятников, в частности, Эски-Кермена, и организация в этой связи Академией наук СССР совместно с Обществом взаимопомощи немецкой науки совместной советско-германской археологической экспедиции в 1929 г. Раскрыты сложности межличностных взаимоотношений крымоведов в связи с правом изучения Эски-Кермена, особенности организации исследований средневековых крымских объектов культурного наследия. ; Bio-bibliographic studies allows us not only to reveal the state of affairs within several scientific communities and to trace interpersonal links them, but to identify social interrelations between those and all society in whole in the context of particular epoch creating its panoramic and multidimensional picture. The subject matter of my multi-year research is Crimean scientific community (first of all of historians) of early 20th century. In my article, using methods of source (archival) studies and historical reconstruction, I analyze correspondence between Prof. Fedor (Friedrich) A. Brown, former Professor at St. Petersburg University, who emigrated to Germany, on the one hand, and Academician Sergey F. Platonov, on the other hand. Based on this epistolary data, I reconstructed the unknown pages of the Crimean regional studies, related with archaeological excavation of famous medieval monument Eski-Kermen, and, in this regard, circumstances of forming joint Soviet-German archaeological expedition in 1929 (it was organized by the USSR Academy of Sciences and Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft, Emergency Association of German Science). The subject of correspondence was Prof. Btaun's participation in studying so-called 'Gothic problem' (archaeological and anthropological studies of Crimean Goths and their possible localization in places of Eski-Kermen and Cherkiz-Kermen in South-Eastern Crimea). In 1920-s, Academician Sergey F. Platonov became the main consultant who oversaw this issue in the USSR Academy of Sciences. In my article, I reconstruct main stages of F.A. Braun's biography and represent a brief sketch of his little-known publications on Crimean Goths. I also trace interpersonal relationships between Crimean and German historians in respect of the right to study Eski-Kermen, especially collisions and intrigues in its study management (among both Crimean historians and representatives of State Academy of Study of History of Material Culture in Leningrad). Analysis of several letters from Lyudmila A. Merwart, well known Soviet linguist and ethnographer, who also was correspondent of F.A. Brown shows that there were some doubts as to Nikolai Repnikov's interpretation of discoveries made by him during his excavations at Eski-Kermen. I have shown Soviet-German scientific cooperation in Gothic-Slavonic issue was rather fruitful, but it was interrupted by the 'academic case' of 1930s and Nazis ascension to power in Germany. I conclude there was significant political (ideological) element in Gothic studies in the 1920s-1930s, which had a negative impact on the quality of scientific research and on their organizations.

Дан краткий обзор развития и современного состояния школы исторического крымоведения в Крымском федеральном университете им. В.И. Вернадского, а также содержания тематического выпуска. ; Crimean regional studies took shape as significant component of regional historical research still in the pre-Soviet era. Despite its compact by area, Crimean Peninsula is a place of intertwining fates of many nations, states, prominent political, military and cultural figures. Crimea is also rich in monuments of the very diverse cultures, with both scientific and sacred significance. That's why nowadays researches in Crimean regional studies of diverse profile are in great demand, especially after March 2014. In my foreword, I represent brief overview of both special issue content and works of scientific school of historical Crimean regional studies at V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University since 2004 (especially book series 'Bio-bibliography of Crimean Regional Studies'). The characteristic feature of studies presented in this issue, is serious attention to the source base. Authors carefully approached this matter and use archival documents from archives of the Crimea and mainland Russia, as well as little-known publications in periodicals and scientific literature. At the same time, study of the past of the Crimea is not confined to published works. Our scientific school aims to continue research of more and more aspects of the rich history of the peninsula, so we hope this special issue will open a new series in Crimean regional studies publications.

На основе значительного корпуса архивных документов Института восточных рукописей РАН и малоизвестных публикаций была восстановлена кропотливая работа профессора Санкт-Петербургского университета Василия Дмитриевича Смирнова по сбору, систематизации и сохранению в центральных архивных хранилищах источников по истории Крымского ханства. Систематизирована его деятельность в Императорской Публичной библиотеке по концентрации в этом хранилище крымскотатарских документов. Проанализирована история создания крупнейшего труда по истории Крымского ханства, который до настоящего времени является непревзойденным. Привлечено эпистолярное наследие ученого, на основе которого раскрыты его научные контакты с крупнейшими крымоведами эпохи. ; On the basis of a substantial body of archival documents of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the little-known publications, the author has restored laborious work of professor of St. Petersburg University Vasiliy Dmitrievich Smirnov who collected, organized and preserved in the central archival repositories sources for the history of the Crimean Khanate. The author has reconstructed the main events in his life and his activities in the Imperial Public Library related to the concentration in this store of the Crimean Tatar documents (article also contains a short list of his main works). Not limited to the literary sources of Turkey and Russia, Vasiliy Dmitrievich repeatedly worked in the libraries of Budapest, Vienna, London, and Paris. In the 1880's, he continued to develop the theme of his doctoral thesis and combined literary studies and work in the archives with archaeological researches in the Crimea. The author has analyzed the process of creating of the largest work on the history of the Crimean Khanate, which remains hitherto an unrivaled. V.D. Smirnov managed to summarize Turkish sources (medieval Ottoman and Crimean "chronicles", most of which have not yet been translated) and historiography. This work continues to constitute a historiographical interest in the present. He widely covered, in the first place, the political history of the Crimean Khanate. The author have reviewed the research trip of V.D. Smirnov to the Crimea, his work in local archives, and communication with experts in the Crimean Tatar and Ottoman history. The author has considered the epistolary heritage of the scholar and, on this basis, discovered his academic contacts with leading researchers of Crimea of that time. The author found that he corresponded with such researchers as A.I. Markevich, N.A. Sultan Krym Giray, Z.A. Firkovich, S.M. Shapshal. To V.D. Smirnov belong a comprehensive source study on the history of medieval Turkey and its vassal, the Crimean Khanate.

На основе малоизвестного архивного корпуса источников восстановлена история репрессированного издания многотомной «Крымской советской энциклопедии», которую позже решили назвать «Полное описание Крыма». Учитывая опыт создания региональных энциклопедий в различных регионах СССР, крымский партийный чиновник Б. С. Ольховый попытался реализовать аналогичный проект в отношении Крыма. Работу по подготовке издания возглавил крупнейший крымовед эпохи Н. Л. Эрнст. Проект крымского варианта энциклопедии разрабатывал авторитетный библиограф В. В. Симоновский. К составлению словника и написанию статей для «Советской энциклопедии Крыма» были привлечены ученые и музейные работники не только Крыма, но и Москвы, Ленинграда. План работы над созданием энциклопедии предусматривал организацию экспертизы по паспортизации археологических памятников полуострова, описание архивных фондов, касающихся Крыма, из архивов Симферополя, Москвы, Ленинграда и Одессы. Восстановлен состав редакций отделов энциклопедии и авторский коллектив. Прослежена судьба рукописного варианта предполагаемого многотомника. Прослежено участие ленинградских специалистов-археографов в подготовке «Истории народов Крыма». Приводятся документы, выявленные автором в архивном фонде Историко-археографического института АН СССР, который функционировал в 1931-1936 гг. Подготовка справочника пришлась на годы массовых политических репрессий на полуострове. Подготовленные «врагами народа» научные материалы не имели права на выход в свет. После ареста Б. С. Ольхового редакция энциклопедических изданий была закрыта, а подготовленные материалы арестованы. Масштабный региональный проект научно-справочного издания был забыт. Составленные очерки и наработки к статьям изымались органами НКВД в качестве следственных документов. Ценный крымоведческий проект 1930-х гг. так и остался нереализованным. ; Based on the little-known archival corps of the sources restored the story of a repressed editionmultivolume "Crimean Soviet encyclopedia», which was later decided to call "A complete description of the Crimea". Given the experience of creating regional encyclopedias in different regions of the USSR, the Crimean party official B. S. Olhoviy tried to implement a similar project in relation to the Crimea. Work on the preparation of the publication was headed by the greatest scientist learning Crimea of the era N. L. Ernst. The project Crimean version of the encyclopedia was developed authoritative bibliographer V. V. Simonovskiy. To the compilation of a glossary and writing articles for "Soviet encyclopedia of Crimea" were attracted scientists and museum professionals not only from the Crimea but from Moscow and Leningrad. The plan of work on the creation of the encyclopedia included the organisation of the examination for the certification of archaeological sites of the peninsula, the description of archival holdings relating to the Crimea, from the archives of Simferopol, Moscow, Leningrad and Odessa. Restored the composition of the editorial departments of the encyclopedia and the author. Describes the fate of the handwritten version of the alleged multivolume book. Describes the participate of the Leningrad specialists of archeographic in the preparation of the "History of the peoples of the Crimea". Are the documents identified by the author in the archive fund of Historical and archaeological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which functioned in the 1931-1936. Preparation of a guide came in mass political repressions on the peninsula. Prepared by "enemies of the people" research materials had no right out. After the arrest of B. S. Olhoviy edition encyclopedias was closed, and the prepared materials are arrested. Large-scale regional project scientific reference publications was forgotten. Composed of essays and developments to the articles seized by the NKVD as the investigative documents. Valuable project for the study of Crimea thirties remained unfulfilled.

Исследование посвящено деятельности выдающегося историка профессора Ивана Андреевича Линниченко. Освещена работа ученых-историков в Крыму в условиях нестабильной общественно-политической ситуации и смены правящих режимов. Показаны особенности научной коммуникации на полуострове во время Гражданской войны и в первые годы Советской власти. ; Researches that deal with scientific activities in times of an unstable social and political situation and regime change are strong significance. This article is devoted to the activities of a prominent historian, specialist in the history of Crimea Ivan A. Linnichenko. In my article, I applied prosopography as scientific method to this research; also I actively used general scientific and historical methods. I have shown the peculiar features of communication between the scientists of the Crimean Peninsula during the Civil War and the first years of Soviet power. I have analyzed the basic scientific works of I.A Linnichenko that were created during this period. Based on archival data I prove that the complexity of circumstances and total devastation had not allowed scientist to realize his full potential.

Восстановлена биография государственного деятеля первой половины XIX в. Д.В. Нарышкина. Рассмотрена его роль в работе органов управления Таврической губернии. Изучены особенности взаимодействия Д.В. Нарышкина и М.С. Воронцова, показана степень воздействия новороссийского генерал губернатора на повседневные административные практики в Таврической губернии. ; Personality of government official from among top executives significantly affects the character of his administrative strategies, especially in Russia. That's why biographies of Russian governors of the past are of great scientific interest. Political biographies of Taurida governors in the period when this governorate itself was very recently established are of particular interest to both historians and political scientists. The subject matter of our article is biography of a statesman Dmitry Naryshkin, who was Taurida governor in the first half of the 19th c., his relationship with his cousin, patron and immediate superior in the administrative hierarchy of the Russian Empire Count Mikhail Vorontsov. So, in our article, using source analysis and prosopologic approach, we trace both early stages of Dmitry Naryskin's career and the characteristic features of his activities as Taurida governor. During this period, Count Mikhail Vorontsov, who was Novorossiya Governor-General, played the main role in region governance. All Naryshkin's administrative decisions were made only after consultation with Vorontsov. So, Taurida governor was only the administrant of Vorontsov's projects and plans, and rarely showed his own initiative. Nevertheless, during Dmitry Naryshkin's governorship, Simferopol became a true center of the province, and the challenging bit of road between Simferopol and Alushta was constructed. Based on archival documents and memoirs of contemporaries, we conclude that Dmitry Naryshkin was feckless administrator, but Mikhail Vorontsov's attention to Taurida Governorate contributed to the stable development of the region.