Цель данной статьи основываясь на сущности налогообложения физических лиц с точки зрения взаимодействия государства и граждан как социального контракта, представляющего собой совокупность, систему формальных и/или неформальных правил, регламентирующих обменные отношения между гражданами и государством по поводу различных объектов (прав, благ), воздействующих на соотношение обязательства-ожидания в результате взаимодействий указанных сторон, определить показатель, характеризующий количественно цену (размер) этой контрактации.This article is devoted to the nature of taxation of individuals in terms of interaction between government and citizens as a social contract. That is a combination, system of formal and/or informal rules governing the exchange relationship between citizens and government on various objects (rights, benefits). It affects the ratio of expectations and obligations resulting from the interactions of the parties. The purpose of this article is to determine a measure of the quantity prize of this contracting.
Статья является результатом теоретического изучения востребованности традиционных духовных ценностей современным мировым и отечественным образованием. ; The article is the result of the theoretical study of the demand for traditional spiritual values with modern international and domestic education. The role and place traditional spiritual values in the public education system is studied by developed democracies countries and Russia which is of undoubted scientific interest to determine future requirements for the content of continuing teacher education.
Рассматривается проблема развития иноязычной коммуникативной компетентности специалистов неязыковых специальностей. Авторы разрабатывают педагогические основы, нацеленные на развитие исследуемой компетентности, отвечающие требованиям федерального государственного образовательного стандарта третьего поколения, которые успешно были апробированы в учебном процессе Кузбасской государственной педагогической академии в течение 2003-2010 гг ; Socio-economic and political life of our modern society is changing in the formation of a united educational field within the Bologna process and transferring to the federal state educational standard of the third generation. This fact makes scientists review approaches to professional training of non-linguistic specialists in the development of the foreign language communicative competence. The authors of the article create new pedagogical bases of the problem that meet the requirements of the third federal state educational standard of higher education. They were tested in Kuzbass State Teacher Training Academy during 2003-2010. The necessity of development of the pedagogical bases is proved by the results of our research. We surveyed 1170 students of Kuzbass State Teacher Training Academy and learnt that only 7% of the students studying a foreign language for 6 years at school and for 2 years at university could speak it at the beginners level. The authors organized a research work aimed at testing our pedagogical bases of the educational process of the Academy in 2003-2010. We changed the content of teaching to focus it professionally as we realized that the existing way of foreign language training has some drawbacks. For instance, some topics are not interconnected; others are a part of school programs (topics on Great Britain, the USA, Moscow, etc.). Besides they do not satisfy real interests of students and professional topics are studied in the last term. To study the readiness of the students to use the potential of a foreign language in professional development within the university we organized a free-of-charge English Club Contact, whose members were 3-5-year students who had finished the compulsory course of a foreign language. We questioned the members of the club and found out that students who studied at our course used the potential of a foreign language in professional development within the university. Having analysed the results of the research work we came to a conclusion that our pedagogical bases develop foreign language communicative competence of a non-linguistic specialist.
