Suchergebnisse

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

Robbery is one of the most dangerous criminal offences, because it encroaches on the fundamental values protected by criminal law − personal property, health and freedom. The dangerousness of this crime relates to a violent attempt against another person's property. Not only that is one of the most dangerous but also one of the most often committed criminal offences against property and, as a result, robbery cases constitute the highest workload for courts. The adoption of the 2000 Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania established new elements of the crime of robbery. Important changes were introduced in the principal attributes of the elements of robbery, the qualified elements of robbery were also revised. A substantial change was made in the attribute 'way of commission of robbery', which also predetermined a different assessment of offence completion; an entirely different system for grouping the qualifying attributes was created, introducing the qualifying attributes that had not been applied until that time, etc. Thus, the legislation brought about a new challenge in the interpretation of robbery elements and application of the criminal law, and the set objectives have been pursued for more than a decade already. With the new content of the robbery elements established in the criminal law, the case law of cassation has been developed since the entry into force of the 2000 CC that laid down the foundations for proper application of the law and for the development of the concept of the said crime, however, there was, in principle, no consistent research on this topic. In response to these challenges, the dissertation includes a complex study of the elements of robbery.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, what means the destruction of human foetus, by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. Also the work deals with criterions and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of most negotiable, without unanimous answer, social questions. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The penal law as most restrictive remedy for protection of fundamental human values can't be indifferent to abortion range, because this negative phenomenon can be dangerous both pregnant woman and foetus. The life of the foetus isn't the object of law, that needs to be protected by law in Lithuania, because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The criminalization of abortion is governed by the fact that there is a risk of mother's health and life. The order of legal abortion is regulated by the act, but not a law in Lithuania, also it is observed that not all breaches of this order mean illegal abortion by Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the right place where abortion can be done. After analyses of practice of law and court it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is the right for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in the Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, in this work is researched the law and practice on abortion in other countries of Europe especially those whose regulation is very restrictive. The punishability of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because it is more wide social range, where it is necessary to create a social standards that can help for a woman until abortion, considering to the foetus life as human value and woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, what means the destruction of human foetus, by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. Also the work deals with criterions and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of most negotiable, without unanimous answer, social questions. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The penal law as most restrictive remedy for protection of fundamental human values can't be indifferent to abortion range, because this negative phenomenon can be dangerous both pregnant woman and foetus. The life of the foetus isn't the object of law, that needs to be protected by law in Lithuania, because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The criminalization of abortion is governed by the fact that there is a risk of mother's health and life. The order of legal abortion is regulated by the act, but not a law in Lithuania, also it is observed that not all breaches of this order mean illegal abortion by Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the right place where abortion can be done. After analyses of practice of law and court it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is the right for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in the Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, in this work is researched the law and practice on abortion in other countries of Europe especially those whose regulation is very restrictive. The punishability of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because it is more wide social range, where it is necessary to create a social standards that can help for a woman until abortion, considering to the foetus life as human value and woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, what means the destruction of human foetus, by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. Also the work deals with criterions and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of most negotiable, without unanimous answer, social questions. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The penal law as most restrictive remedy for protection of fundamental human values can't be indifferent to abortion range, because this negative phenomenon can be dangerous both pregnant woman and foetus. The life of the foetus isn't the object of law, that needs to be protected by law in Lithuania, because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The criminalization of abortion is governed by the fact that there is a risk of mother's health and life. The order of legal abortion is regulated by the act, but not a law in Lithuania, also it is observed that not all breaches of this order mean illegal abortion by Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the right place where abortion can be done. After analyses of practice of law and court it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is the right for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in the Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, in this work is researched the law and practice on abortion in other countries of Europe especially those whose regulation is very restrictive. The punishability of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because it is more wide social range, where it is necessary to create a social standards that can help for a woman until abortion, considering to the foetus life as human value and woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, what means the destruction of human foetus, by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. Also the work deals with criterions and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of most negotiable, without unanimous answer, social questions. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The penal law as most restrictive remedy for protection of fundamental human values can't be indifferent to abortion range, because this negative phenomenon can be dangerous both pregnant woman and foetus. The life of the foetus isn't the object of law, that needs to be protected by law in Lithuania, because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The criminalization of abortion is governed by the fact that there is a risk of mother's health and life. The order of legal abortion is regulated by the act, but not a law in Lithuania, also it is observed that not all breaches of this order mean illegal abortion by Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the right place where abortion can be done. After analyses of practice of law and court it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is the right for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in the Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, in this work is researched the law and practice on abortion in other countries of Europe especially those whose regulation is very restrictive. The punishability of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because it is more wide social range, where it is necessary to create a social standards that can help for a woman until abortion, considering to the foetus life as human value and woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, which means the destruction of human foetus by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. The work also deals with criteria and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of the most debat­able social questions without unanimous answer. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus' life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The life of the foetus is not the object protected by penal law, and because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The procedure of legal abortion is regulated by the regulatory act, but not a law in Lithuania, moreover, it is observed that not all breaches of this procedure mean illegal abortion under Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the proper place where abortion can be done. After analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is legitimate for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, this work researches the laws and judicial practice regarding abortion in other European countries, especially those whose regula­tion is very restrictive. Criminalisation of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because this issue is of much wider social range, where it is necessary to create social standards that can help a woman before abortion, considering the foetus' life as human value and taking into account woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, which means the destruction of human foetus by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. The work also deals with criteria and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of the most debat­able social questions without unanimous answer. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus' life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The life of the foetus is not the object protected by penal law, and because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The procedure of legal abortion is regulated by the regulatory act, but not a law in Lithuania, moreover, it is observed that not all breaches of this procedure mean illegal abortion under Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the proper place where abortion can be done. After analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is legitimate for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, this work researches the laws and judicial practice regarding abortion in other European countries, especially those whose regula­tion is very restrictive. Criminalisation of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because this issue is of much wider social range, where it is necessary to create social standards that can help a woman before abortion, considering the foetus' life as human value and taking into account woman's social needs.

The work deals with abortion as social phenomenon, which means the destruction of human foetus by termination of pregnancy due to social, personal or medical indication. The work also deals with criteria and limits of punishability of abortion in Lithuania and other countries of Europe. The protection of the right to life of unborn is the one of the most debat­able social questions without unanimous answer. But it is evident that the attitude of government to the foetus' life directly determines the position of law regarding abortion. The life of the foetus is not the object protected by penal law, and because of this the termination of pregnancy is legal until twelfth week of pregnancy. The procedure of legal abortion is regulated by the regulatory act, but not a law in Lithuania, moreover, it is observed that not all breaches of this procedure mean illegal abortion under Penal code of Lithuania. This work analyses the factors that determine the punishability of abortion, that are not only the term of pregnancy, contraindications, the subject which terminate the pregnancy, but also the proper place where abortion can be done. After analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice it seems that there is no unanimous and clear solution in order to decide what place is legitimate for termination of pregnancy. Whereas in Europe the limits of prohibition of abortion are not the same, this work researches the laws and judicial practice regarding abortion in other European countries, especially those whose regula­tion is very restrictive. Criminalisation of abortion cannot solve all problems of protection of unborn life, because this issue is of much wider social range, where it is necessary to create social standards that can help a woman before abortion, considering the foetus' life as human value and taking into account woman's social needs.