Suchergebnisse

El envejecimiento de la población europea alcanza niveles alarmantes y continuará creciendo en las próximas décadas. Además, se observa una concentración espacial de la población mayor de sesenta y cinco años. Por ello se ha despertado la necesidad de articular estrategias, políticas y buenas prácticas destinadas, bien a reducir el ritmo de envejecimiento de ciertas zonas, atrayendo población joven, o bien a adaptar los entornos urbanos y rurales a su realidad demográfica y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población envejecida. Este trabajo propone una revisión panorámica de las experiencias más interesantes realizadas en distintos lugares de la Unión Europea. Las experiencias revisadas, pertenecientes en buena medida a regiones avanzadas del norte de Europa, se han estructurado en cuatro bloques: i) ciudades e infraestructuras para una población envejecida; ii) políticas y buenas prácticas dirigidas a personas de avanzada edad y adaptación al envejecimiento; iii) políticas para la atracción de familias jóvenes, y iv) políticas de dinamización económica. ; The aging population in Europe is reaching alarming ratios and is going to continue growing during the next decades. Furthermore, if we pay attention to the aging spatial distribution we observe a concentration of the older population in the peripheral regions. In this context, the development of strategies, policies and good practices becomes necessary in order to reduce the rate of aging of certain places, attracting young population, or adapting the urban or rural environments to the aging improving in this way, the quality of life of old population. This work proposes a panoramic revision of the most important experiences carried out with that objective in several places in the EU, mainly in northern regions of Europe. The reviewed experiences are organized in four groups: i) cities and infrastructures for the older population; ii) policies and good practices to adapt places to old population; iii) policies to attract young population and iv) policies to ...

In physics and chemistry, the development of problem-solving skills is necessary to become an expert. A simple cognitive model to analyse such development is proposed and tested. An exploratory research was conducted with expert professors and students in initial and advanced years. A think aloud procedure was used to obtain relevant data while the participants tried to solve undefined, open problems. Solving these problems required a particular skill representative of expertise: modelling reality using science. More than 1350 solving actions were collected and related to the mental representations elaborated, developed and inter-related by solvers. The proposed model was able to account for expert-novice differences in terms of the respective distributions of solving actions among the mental representations. Large differences appeared in the mental representation of Conceptual scientific Model. In addition, advanced and initial students showed similar and significant averages of unproductive actions, while experts took very few. Experts showed high convergence in their distributions of actions among the mental representations. If the outcomes were replicated with higher external validity, the model could help researchers to analyse the cognitive mechanisms in problem-solving, and teachers to better focus their efforts on specific students' lacks.