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Description based on: Aug. 6, 1982; title from caption. ; 2 issues published in 1981. ; Each issue supersedes previous issue. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Supt. of Docs. no.: GS 4.17/5-2:L 61/983 ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In recent years, the changing nature of audiovisual services has had a significant impact on regulatory policy and practice. The adoption of digital technology means that broadcasting, cable, satellite, the Internet and mobile telephony are converging, enabling each of them to deliver the same kinds of content and allowing users to exercise much greater choice over the kind of material that they receive and when they receive it. The essays examine the implications for regulatory design, asking whether there is still a role for traditional-style state controls, or whether other techniques, such as competition in the market and self-regulation, are more appropriate. They also explore how, in the digital era, structural issues of media ownership and control become problems of access and interconnection between services and how content regulation focuses more on problems raised by the interactions between providers and users, the relationship between freedom of information and technologies to control it and the international reach of the new media.

This paper investigates the evolution of non-daily current affairs formats –other than the news– in the prime time of Spanish generalist television between 1990 and 2016. Analysing the programming content of six channels (TVE, La2, Antena 3, Telecinco, Cuatro and La Sexta), we have studied the presence, typology and strategies of the programmers to incorporate them into the offer of prime time. The longitudinal sample allows us to detect the tendencies that have influenced the audiovisual treatment of the non-daily current affairs information in the most competitive television time slot. The result of the analysis shows that the most important topics on current affairs such as politics, or the economy, have been integrated into the prime time. In addition, there has been a recovery of analytical genres such as the television reportage to explain topics of current interest. This new informative offer, much more innovative in the treatment, has enabled new programming strategies to be applied to the non-daily current affairs formats in order to improve their profitability. ; This paper investigates the evolution of non-daily current affairs formats –other than the news– in the prime time of Spanish generalist television between 1990 and 2016. Analysing the programming content of six channels (TVE, La2, Antena 3, Telecinco, Cuatro and La Sexta), we have studied the presence, typology and strategies of the programmers to incorporate them into the offer of prime time. The longitudinal sample allows us to detect the tendencies that have influenced the audiovisual treatment of the non-daily current affairs information in the most competitive television time slot. The result of the analysis shows that the most important topics on current affairs such as politics, or the economy, have been integrated into the prime time. In addition, there has been a recovery of analytical genres such as the television reportage to explain topics of current interest. This new informative offer, much more innovative in the treatment, has enabled new programming strategies to be applied to the non-daily current affairs formats in order to improve their profitability.

This paper investigates the evolution of non-daily current affairs formats –other than the news– in the prime time of Spanish generalist television between 1990 and 2016. Analysing the programming content of six channels (TVE, La2, Antena 3, Telecinco, Cuatro and La Sexta), we have studied the presence, typology and strategies of the programmers to incorporate them into the offer of prime time. The longitudinal sample allows us to detect the tendencies that have influenced the audiovisual treatment of the non-daily current affairs information in the most competitive television time slot. The result of the analysis shows that the most important topics on current affairs such as politics, or the economy, have been integrated into the prime time. In addition, there has been a recovery of analytical genres such as the television reportage to explain topics of current interest. This new informative offer, much more innovative in the treatment, has enabled new programming strategies to be applied to the non-daily current affairs formats in order to improve their profitability.

The analysis of processing the audiovisual information related to prostitution allows to get close to the stereotypes and prejudices affecting and stigmatizing especially the women who exercise it. Structural violence influences the symbolic violence with which is reflected the prostitution as a news, a phenomenon that has been given little attention in the style manuals and codes of ethics of journalism. This study deals with the issue from the image conveyed by the media, particularly in the newscasts of TVE1, Cuatro Televisión, Telecinco and La Sexta TV along October and November 2014. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of both textual and visual messages, comparatively, demonstrates that they project an image of the prostitution as a crime-related activity, although its exercise is not defined as such in Spanish legislation. TV news generally do not meet the recommendations for the treatment of this subject. This research is part of the project "Prostitution and media: construction of reality and receiving media content", carried out by the Santiago de Compostela University for the Institute for Women. ; El análisis de la información audiovisual sobre la prostitución permite aproximarse a los estereotipos que estigmatizan a las mujeres que la ejercen. La violencia estructural influye en la violencia simbólica de lo noticioso de la prostitución, un fenómeno poco atendido por los códigos deontológicos del periodismo. En este estudio se aborda la imagen transmitida por los noticiarios de TVE1, Cuatro Televisión, Telecinco y La Sexta Televisión durante octubre y noviembre de 2014. El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo muestra que éstos proyectan una imagen relacionada con el delito, a pesar de su ejercicio no está tipificado como tal.

This thesis is concerned with multimodal machine learning for digital humanities. Multimodal machine learning integrates vision, speech, and language to solve a particular set of tasks, such as sentiment analysis, emotion recognition, personality recognition, and deceptive behaviour detection. The usage of other modalities benefited these tasks since human communication is multimodal by its nature. The intersection between humanities and computational methods defines the so-called digital humanities, i.e., a subset in the humanities and social sciences, which leverages digital mechanisms to conduct their research. This thesis supports the claim that using audiovisual modalities when training computational models in digital humanities can benefit the performance of any cumbersome task where annotators use audiovisual sources of information to annotate the data. We hypothesise that audiovisual content studied by some areas from humanities and social sciences, such as psychology, pedagogy, and communication sciences, can be explained and categorised by audiovisual processing techniques. These techniques can increase humanities and socials sciences researchers' productivity by bootstrapping their analysis using machine learning techniques and allowing their research to scale to more massive amounts of data. Besides that, these methods could also implement more socially aware virtual agents. This kind of technology enables a more sophisticated computer-human interaction, which can enrich commercial applications' user experience. Problems tackled by natural language processing techniques sometimes reach an upper bound due to the limitations of the knowledge present in textual information. Humans use prosody to convey meaning. Machine learning models trying to predict the sentiment present in transcribed speech can lose much information if dealing solely with the text modality. Persuasiveness prediction is another excellent example since factors beyond argumentation, such as prosody, visual appearance, and body language, can persuade people. Previous work in opinion mining and persuasiveness prediction have shown that multimodal approaches are quite successful when combining multiple modalities. However, textual transcripts and visual information might not be available due to technical constraints, so one may ask how accurately machine learning models predict people's opinion using only prosodic information. Most of the work in computational paralinguistics rely on cumbersome feature-engineering approaches, so another question is whether domain-agnostic methods work in this field. Our results show that relying on a simple recurrent neural architecture trained on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients can predict speakers' opinion. Speech is not the only channel besides the textual one that signals critical information. The visual channel is also significant. Humans can express several expressions, defined as cues under the Lens Model of Brunswik. Researchers from humanities and social sciences try to understand how relevant those signals are by manually annotating information that might be present in the facial expressions of subjects under analysis. However, these tasks are very time-consuming and prone to human errors due to fatigue or lack of training. We present that automatically extracted low and high-level features using the latest computer vision methods can explain visual data from researchers of humanities and social sciences, especially from areas like pedagogy and communication sciences. We also demonstrate that an end-to-end approach can automatically predict the psychological construct of intrinsic motivation. Another problem widely studied in political sciences is the understanding of persuasive factors in speeches and debates. For instance, Nagel et al. (2012) have evaluated which features in all three modalities (text, speech, and vision) were forming an audience's impression in the national election debate between Angela Merkel and Gerhard Schroeder. However, there is no previous work in the literature, which presents an automated approach to predict what impression a politician is forming during a debate. Our results reveal that high-level features automatically extracted in a multimodal approach can indicate what elements in political communication mould an audience's impression and are also useful for training machine learning models to predict it. We run the experiments in this thesis with data from psychology, pedagogy, and communication science research, providing empirical evidence to the raised hypothesis that audiovisual content coming from humanities and social sciences can be explained and automatically classified by audiovisual processing methods. This thesis presents new applications of multimodal machine learning in digital humanities, presenting different ways of modelling the tasks, besides reinforcing the well-known issue of fairness in artificial intelligence. In conclusion, this thesis strengthens the notion that audiovisual modalities are primary communication channels which should be carefully analysed and explored in multimodal machine learning for digital humanities.

Постоянно развивающаяся индустрия медиа и развлечений, а также глобализация информационного пространства обуславливают необходимость быстрой адаптации контента. Этот факт отчасти объясняет появление феномена любительского аудиовизуального перевода. Настоящая статья посвящена комплексному исследованию феномена любительского аудиовизуального перевода, существующего в русскоязычном сегменте видеохостинга YouTube и вебсайта ВКонтакте. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена незначительной степенью изученности любительского аудиовизуального перевода в научном дискурсе. Основными методами анализа являются описательный и сопоставительный. В статье представлена существующая классификация видов аудиовизуального перевода, а также выделены и описаны основные особенности работы с ним.Материалом для данного исследования послужили видеоподкасты The Joe Rogan Experience и их любительские переводы, позволившие определить характерные особенности анализируемого вида аудиовизуального перевода. Любительский аудиовизуальный перевод выполнен преимущественно в форме субтитрирования и закадровой озвучки, что было установлено в результате анализа рассматриваемого материала. В ходе исследования было проведено интервьюирование переводчиков-любителей для определения основных тенденций в англо-русском любительском аудиовизуальном переводе. Анализ результатов опроса позволил установить, что любительский перевод выполняется как авторами с профессиональной подготовкой, так и любителями без специального образования. Полученные данные дают основание для предварительных выводов, однако данная проблема требует дальнейших исследований.
The constantly developing media and entertainment industries along with the globalized information space make it necessary to translate and adapt content quickly. This fact can serve as an explanation for the emergence of amateur audiovisual translation phenomenon.This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of amateur audiovisual translation that exists in the Russian segment of YouTube and VK. The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that amateur audiovisual translation is not sufficiently studied in scientific discourse. The main scientific methods are descriptive and comparative. The article presents the existing types of audiovisual translation classification. The main tendencies observed in amateur audiovisual translation are determined and described.The material for the analysis was The Joe Rogan Experience videopodcasts and the available amateur translations. The studied material allowed us to determine the characteristic features of the phenomenon in question. Analyzed material established that amateur audiovisual translation exists mainly in the form of subtitles and voiceover. The interviews with amateur translators to identify the main trends in English-Russian amateur audiovisual translation were conducted. The analysis of the results shows that both professional translators and translators without any special education perform amateur translation. The data obtained provide a basis for preliminary conclusions, but the problem in question requires further research.