Suchergebnisse

, and their interaction -- Mnemiopsis leidyi: Distribution and Effect on the Black Sea Ecosystem During the First Years of Invasion in Comparison with Other Gelatinous Blooms -- Interactions between the invading ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) and Beroe ovata Mayer 1912, and their influence on the Pelagic ecosystem of the Northeastern Black Sea -- Population dynamics of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, and effects on the Caspian ecosystem -- Distribution and biology of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Northern Aegean Sea, and comparison with the indigenous Bolinopsis vitrea -- Effects of Beroe cf ovata on gelatinous and other zooplankton along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast -- Decreased levels of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis in the Marmara Sea in 2001 -- Preliminary investigation on the molecular systematics of The invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata -- of Beroe cf ovata to the Caspian Sea needed to control Mnemiopsis leidyi -- Feeding, respiration and growth of ctenophore Beroe cf ovata in the low salinity conditions of the Caspian Sea -- A brief résumé of the status of the Mnemiopsis population in the Turkmen sector of the Caspian Sea according to observations during the first half of 2002 -- Dynamics of Mnemiopsis distribution in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea in 2001–2002 -- Investigation on the distribution and biomass of Mnemiopsis in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea in May 2002 -- Ponto-Caspian species invading Europe; information network -- Range extensions of Ponto-Caspian aquatic invertebrates in Continental Europe -- Living in a sea of exotics — the Baltic case -- Internet-based information resources on aquatic alien species relevant to the Ponto-Caspian Region -- Other Mediterranean Invaders -- Invasion of the Jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the Northern Adriatic: a non-success story -- Caulerpa taxifolia: 18 years of infestation in the Mediterranean Sea -- Conclusions from the meeting -- Conclusions from the meeting.

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement n° 642197. We warmly thank Frank Collas and an anonymous referee for their valuable suggestions on the first version of the manuscript ; Tricarico, E., Borrell, Y.J., García-Vázquez, E., Rico, J.M., Rech, S., Scapini, F., Johović, I., Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, N., Basurko, O.C., Rey, A., Gough, P., Aquiloni, L., Sposimo, P., Inghilesi, A.F., Haubrock, P., Delgado, J.F., Skukan, R., Hall, D., Marsh-Smith, S., Kilbey, D., Monteoliva, A.P., Muha, T.P., Rodríguez-Rey, M., Rolla, M., Rehwald, H.K., De Leaniz, C.G., Consuegra, S.

Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinized and/or unknown. These putatively pathogenetic symbionts can potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported known pathogens and other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow using PubMed and Google Scholar to systematically search existing literature to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported pathogens of INNS; of which a better understanding is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. Addressing this evidence gap will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.

Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinized and/or unknown. These putatively pathogenetic symbionts can potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported known pathogens and other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow using PubMed and Google Scholar to systematically search existing literature to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported pathogens of INNS; of which a better understanding is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. Addressing this evidence gap will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.

Connectivity between waterbodies influences the risk of aquatic invasive species (AIS) invasion. Understanding and characterizing the connectivity between waterbodies through high-risk pathways, such as recreational boats, is essential to develop economical and effective prevention intervention to control the spread of AIS. Fortunately, state and local watercraft inspection programs are collecting significant data that can be used to quantify boater connectivity. We created a series of predictive models to capture the patterns of boater movements across all lakes in Minnesota, USA. Informed by more than 1.3 million watercraft inspection surveys from 2014-2017, we simulated boater movements connecting 9182 lakes with a high degree of accuracy. Our predictive model accurately predicted 97.36% of the lake pairs known to be connected and predicted 91.01% of the lake pairs known not to be connected. Lakes with high degree and betweenness centrality were more likely to be infested with an AIS than lakes with low degree (p < 0.001) and centrality (p < 0.001). On average, infested lakes were connected to 1200 more lakes than uninfested lakes. In addition, boaters that visited infested lakes were more likely to visit other lakes, increasing the risk of AIS spread to uninfested lakes. The use of the simulated boater networks can be helpful for determining the risk of AIS invasion for each lake and for developing management tools to assist decision makers to develop intervention strategies. ; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center; Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust Fund; National Key Research and Development Project of China [2017YFC1200603]; Interdisciplinary Disease Ecology Across Scales (IDEAS) Graduate Training Program at the University of Georgia through NSF [DGE-1545433] ; Published version ; This project was supported by the Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center with funding provided by the Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust Fund, as recommended by the LegislativeCitizen Commission on Minnesota Resources. QH was also supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2017YFC1200603). MT also received support from the Interdisciplinary Disease Ecology Across Scales (IDEAS) Graduate Training Program at the University of Georgia through NSF DGE-1545433.

It has been established that 20 species (including two species complexes) of freshwater gastropods from 7 families live in water bodies on the territory of the PSRER, in which 51 species of trematodes from 21 families with a predominance of species of the Echinostomatidae family (10 species) parasitize at the parthenitis stage. The maximum number of trematode species was registered in the mollusks Lithoglyphus naticoides and Planorbarius corneus – 8 species of parasites with an infestation of 11.0 and 28.4 %, respectively. In the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP, the circulation of natural focal helminthiasis caused by parasitization of trematodes Opisthorchiidae (Metorchis bilis, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Opisthorchis felineus) identified in the studied animal species was established. For the mollusk Bithynia leachii, a high degree of infection (43.1 %) with the trematode O. felineus was noted.

PART 1: BACKGROUND -- Chapter 1: Biological invasions in South Africa: An overview -- Chapter 2: A brief, selective history of researchers and research initiatives related to biological invasions in South Africa -- PART 2: BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA -- Chapter 3: The biogeography of South African terrestrial plant invasions -- Chapter 4:Invasive alien aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems -- Chapter 5: Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 6: Alien freshwater fauna in South Africa -- Chapter 7: Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa -- Chapter 8: Biological invasions in South Africa's offshore sub-Antarctic territories -- Chapter 9: Coastal invasions: The South African context -- Chapter 10: Pathogens of vertebrate animals as invasive species: Insights from South Africa -- Chapter 11: Biological invasions in South Africa's urban ecosystems: Patterns, processes, impacts and management -- PART 3: DRIVERS OF INVASION -- Chapter 12: South Africa's pathways of introduction and dispersal and how they have changed over time -- Chapter 13: The role of environmental factors in promoting and limiting biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 14: Biotic interactions as mediators of biological invasions: Insights from South Africa -- PART 4: IMPACTS OF INVASION -- Chapter 15:Impacts of invasions on terrestrial water resources in South Africa -- Chapter 16:The impact of invasive alien plants on rangelands in South Africa -- Chapter 17: An evaluation of the impacts of alien species on biodiversity in South Africa using different methods -- PART 5: MANAGEMENT OF INVASIONS -- Chapter 18: Biological invasion policy and legislation development and implementation in South Africa -- Chapter 19: More than a century of biological control against invasive alien plants in South Africa: a synoptic view of what has been accomplished -- Chapter 20:Analysing the risks posed by biological invasions to South Africa -- Chapter 21:The extent and effectiveness of alien plant control projects in South Africa -- Chapter 22: Experience and lessons from alien and invasive animal control projects carried out in South Africa -- Chapter 23: Biological invasions and ecological restoration in South Africa -- Chapter 24: The social dimensions of biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 25: Education, training and capacity building in the field of biological invasions in South Africa -- PART 6: NEW INSIGHTS -- Chapter 26: South Africa as a donor of naturalized and invasive alien plants to other parts of the world -- Chapter 27: South Africa as a donor of alien animals -- Chapter 28: Knowing-doing continuum or knowing-doing gap? Transferring research results to managers of biological invasions in South Africa -- Chapter 29: Biological invasions as a component of South Africa's global change research effort -- Chapter 30: South Africa's Centre for Invasion Biology: An experiment in invasion science for society -- PART 7: THE WAY FORWARD -- Chapter 31:Potential futures of biological invasions in South Africa.

Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called "invasion debt." Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future. ; Peer reviewed

Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called "invasion debt." Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.

The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of biological invasions (BI) in the Danube River Basin (DRB), to discuss the significance of the European Southern Invasive Corridor (the trajectory that links the Black and Northern Seas via the Danube River, Rhine–Main Canal and the Rhine river) for the BI process, as well as to summarize European legislation, standardisation and guidance documents related to invasive alien species (IAS). Recently, aquatic invasions have become an important issue. Non-indigenous species were recorded among all groups of aquatic organisms – algae, vascular plants, macroinvertebrates, fish and fish parasites. Parts of European inland waterways that are highly populated by non-native aquatic species are probably irreversibly changed with respect to their native biodiversity. BI can also cause different socio-economic consequences. In the case of the DRB, the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) acts as the coordinating body for multilateral and basin-wide actions related to water management, which involve resolving the issue of the IAS. Within the frame of the ICPDR activities, a risk assessment tool has been developed, as well as an approach to evaluate pressure caused by biological invasions for water bodies in the DRB. The list of alien aquatic taxa for the Danube River was prepared (three Cyanobacteria, seven algae species, 17 aquatic vascular plants, 51 aquatic macroinvertebrate and 32 fish species). Based on the Risk Assessment Procedure (the IAS–RAP–Danube) the "Black List" for the Danube River has been developed. The list includes 16 macroinvertebrate and ten fish and 13 aquatic macrophyte species. For the purpose of assessment of pressure caused by biological invasions, we are working on the development and testing of the Bioinvasion Assessment Index (BAI). The BAI is based on the assessment of a relative contribution of non-indigenous taxa to the analysed community. Based on the above, the DRB is specific and complex and it could be considered a scientific paradigm – a unique pattern, ideal model for study of BI phenomena. ; Сврха овог рада је да се истакне значај биолошких инвазија у сливу реке Дунав, размотри значај Европског јужног инвазивног коридора (путање која повезује Црно и Северно море преко Дунава, Канала Рајна – Мајна и реке Рајне) за процес биолошких инвазија. Поред тога, у раду се даје преглед европског за- конодавства, докумената за стандардизацију и смерница у вези са инвазивним страним врстама. Акватичке инвазије су недавно постале значајно питање. Алохтоне врсте забележене су међу свим групама акватичких организама - алги, васкуларних биљки, макроинвертебрата, риба и рибљих паразита. Делови европских унутрашњих водених путева који су густо насељени алохтоним акватичним врстама вероватно су неповратно измењени у погледу њиховог изворног биодиверзитета. Биолошка инвазија може такође изазвати различите социо-економске последице. Кад је реч о сливу Дунава, Међународна комисија за заштиту Дунава (ICPDR) наступа као координационо тело за мултилатералне активности и активности широм слива које се односе на водопривреду и тичу се решавања питања инвазивних страних врста. У оквиру активности Међународне комисије за заштиту Дунава, развијен је механизам процене ризика и приступ процене притиска који узрокују биолошке инвазије у водним телима у сливу Дунава. Израђен је списак страних акватичких таксона за Дунав (три цијанобактерије, седам врста алги, 17 акватичких васкуларних биљака, 51 ак- ватички макроинвертебрат и 32 врсте риба). Путем поступка процене ризика (IAS–RAP–Danube), израђена је "Црна листа" за Дунав. Листа садржи 16 макроинвертебрата, десет врста риба и 13 акватичких врста макрофита. У сврхе процене притиска који је узрокован биолошким инвазијама, радимо на изради и тестирању индекса процене биоинвазије (Bioinvasion Assessment Index). Индекс је заснован на процени релативног доприноса алохтоних таксона анализираној заједници. На основу горенаведеног, слив Дунава је специфичан и комплексан и може се сматрати научном парадигмом – реч је о јединственом обрасцу и идеалном моделу за проучавање феномена биолошких инвазија. ; 8. Конференција академија подунавске регије