Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Series Introduction -- Chapter 1: Medicine in the Aftermath of World War II -- Chapter 2: Healing a War-Weary World -- Chapter 3: Geopolitics, Health Care, and Medicine -- Chapter 4: Globalization, Health, and Medicine -- Chapter 5: The Current Scene -- Timeline -- Further Research -- Index -- Photo Credits -- About the Author and Advisor.

Lecture delivered at St. Luke' s Hospital under the auspices of the Malta Branch of the British Medical Association on October 18th 1961. ; The learned Association made an indulgent concession in prescribing that the lecture be delivered by one who does not belong to the medical profession. I assume this role with some trepidation. I am saying this not to be merely vocal, but, really and truly, and for a twofold reason. First of all, because I am very much afraid that if I do say anything good it will not be new, and if I say anything new it wiIl not be good. In the second place, there has been a tendency amongst humorous writers to place medicine and law at loggerheads with one another. ; N/A

AbstractThe titles reviewed in this chapter concern science and medicine studies. They represent work drawn from a variety of contexts and disciplinary perspectives, including science and technology, the history of science, literary studies, critical race theory, public health, the philosophy of science, law, ethnography, anthropology, architecture, and geology. The chapter has five sections: 1. Histories and Historicity; 2. Epistemology and Dissemination; 3. Institutions and Praxis; 4. Bodies and Subjectivities; and 5. Conversations (Journals).

AbstractThe titles reviewed in this chapter concern science and medicine studies. They represent work drawn from a variety of contexts and disciplinary perspectives, including science and technology, the history of science, literary studies, critical race theory, medical humanities, cultural anthropology, public health, the philosophy of science, transnationalism, media studies, archive studies, and book history. The chapter opens with 1. Notable Books—extended discussions of three especially significant books. Subsequent sections are dedicated to: 2. Bodies and Embodiment; 3. Epistemology and Dissemination; 4. Institutions and Praxis; and 5. Conversations (Journals). Readers will note certain themes running throughout, which include decolonizing science, embodiment, form, circulation, and praxis.

Abstract
This review considers three monographs that use innovative archival recovery techniques to expand our understanding of the connections between the history of science and medicine and sociopolitical and cultural phenomena across the early modern period to the present. Divided into three sections, our review first considers Kalle Kananoja's Healing Knowledge in Atlantic Africa: Medical Encounters, 1500–1850, which demonstrates the ways that Atlantic African healers resisted colonial influence and adapted their practices to reflect innovative uses of global plant-based medicines. Part 2 of this review, Black Reproductive Health, examines Sara Clarke Kaplan's The Black Reproductive: Unfree Labor and Insurgent Motherhood, which, importantly, revises longstanding assumptions about the ways that we understand and document reproductive health and justice, especially in the American Black community. Part 3, 'Healthy' Eating, discusses Elizabeth A. Williams's Appetite and Its Discontents: Science, Medicine, and the Urge to Eat, 1750–1950, which deconstructs the so-called connection between appetite and wellness in science and medicine. We have chosen to focus on these works both for the important new insights that they offer to the field of the history of science and because they each speak to contemporary crises in public health and health inequity that continue to affect our local and global landscapes. We suggest that works such as these have the capacity not only to expand our field but also to counteract narratives of white supremacy and other cultural beliefs that stigmatize and oppress; these works show us how expanding our understanding of the origins and current practices of medical knowledge beyond our traditional Western narratives can help provide healthier and more equitable forms of care and wellness.

AbstractGiven the exigencies of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have chosen to focus our review of science and medicine studies to feature works that speak to three core concerns that have emerged from this global and sociopolitical health crisis. The monographs that we explore here grapple with the following related questions: (1) How we understand, prepare for, and succeed or fail in preventing and responding to pandemics in a global economy; (2) How the origins of health epidemics and pandemics are imbricated in Western imperial violence and global capitalist structures; (3) How the development, circulation, and protocols of public health, health-care systems, and modern medicine have emerged in response to colonialism, global expansion, and their attendant environmental and health crises. Readers will note that both works reviewed here take as given the undeniable influence of colonial legacies on conceptions and treatments of disease. To our mind, these works are additionally remarkable in the ways that they foreground subjects and methods, whether non-Western or nonhuman animal, that are typically subordinated or historically neglected in studies of the history of medicine.

Abstract
This year's review highlights scholarship in the history of science and medicine that rejects easy teleologies of scientific progress and overturns tidy, nationally oriented historical accounts of biomedical practice. Here, we recognize four studies that serve as models in cutting-edge, decolonial scholarship in the field. These works acknowledge the contingent and socially constructed nature of both science and medicine and center long-understudied healers, patients, and communities who have traditionally existed outside of normative Western archives and the historical record.
In section 1, 'The Politics of Plague in the Invisible Commonwealth', Cindy Ermus's monograph explores the impact of a fairly contained, regional plague event in Provence, which catalysed a series of increasingly centralized disaster and public health management measures that emerged across the West and the colonies. Section 2, 'Interspecies Contact Zones and American Xenophobia', considers Jeannie N. Shinozuka's research on the racist parallels that American culture drew between Asian plant and insect migration and anti-Asian policies and practices across the twentieth century. Section 3, 'Transhistorical and Transborder Healers', studies Diego Armus and Pablo F. Gómez's edited collection on traditional and Indigenous healers and patients across Latin America from the seventeenth century to the present, and the fluid and complex boundaries between their practices and those of Western and imperial medicine. Finally, section 4, 'Imagining and Enforcing the Boundaries of Gender', resituates such medical boundaries to the site of the clinic, following Sandra Eder's account of the highly contingent and artificial construction of gender and gender normativity that emerged across the twentieth century.
These studies, to use the words of Diego Armus and Pablo F. Gómez, exemplify an understanding of the ways that categories like medicine, health, illness, disaster, and indeed identity itself 'have not only a biological dimension but also social, cultural, political, and economic connotations' that are 'historically located processes whose seeming social and cultural dominance was never preordained or inevitable' (Armus and Gómez, p. 6). Tellingly, each of these studies connects transborder and transhistorical incidents and events—some largely known, others newly revealed—to our contemporary moment, demonstrating how the urgent crises, fiery debates, and institutional pressures that preoccupied individuals and whole nations in both the recent and distant past continue to shape the demands of our present and future.

THIS ARTICLE SHOWS THAT, IN PRACTICE, MEDICINE HAS ROUTINELY FALLEN SHORT OF THE IDEALS OF OPENNESS AND ACCESSIBILITY ADVOCATED 2,000 YEARS AGO BY HIPPOCRATES. AFTER IDENTIFYING THE CORRUPTING ASPECTS OF SECRECY, THE AUTHOR OF THIS ARTICLE OUTLINES SOME RECENT CAMPAIGNS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM THAT HAVE BEGUN TO YIELD GREATER OPENNESS, DESPITE SUCCESSIVE GOVERNMENTS' CONCERNS TO PROTECT THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.