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Supplier selection is an important business decision. Beside traditional management criteria the environmental aspects are getting often recognition. In this paper the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to study the extension of traditional supplier selection methods with environmental factors. The focus will be on the weight selection process which can control the selection. In this method we divide the criteria in two manners: the traditional and environmental (green) factors. Then with the help of DEA we are searching a weight system with which the environmental criteria can influence the decision with a representation of the green factors. To choose the mentioned weight system, we apply DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) with common weights analysis (CWA) method. In this case of DEA/CWA the common weights are calculated with a linear programming problem.

Abstract
Conceptualizing privacy as information flow rules-in-use constructed within a commons governance arrangement, we adapt the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework to study the formal and informal governance of information flows. We incorporate Helen Nissenbaum's "privacy as contextual integrity" approach, defining privacy in terms of contextually appropriate flows of personal information. While Nissenbaum's framework treats contextual norms as largely exogenous and emphasizes their normative valence, the GKC framework provides a systematic method to excavate personal information rules-in-use that actually apply in specific situations and interrogate governance mechanisms that shape rules-in-use. The GKC framework thus directs attention beyond information transmission principles to a broader spectrum of rules-in-use for personal information and supports consideration of procedural legitimacy. After discussing how the GKC framework can enrich privacy research, we explore empirical evidence for contextual integrity as governance within the GKC framework through meta-analysis of previous knowledge commons case studies, revealing three governance patterns within the observed rules-in-use for personal information flow. Though constrained by existing literature, our theoretical analysis provides strong justification for a new research agenda using the GKC framework to explore privacy as governance. We conclude by discussing potential implications for policy-makers of viewing privacy through an information governance lens.

AbstractConceptualizing privacy as information flow rules-in-use constructed within a commons governance arrangement, we adapt the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework to study the formal and informal governance of information flows. We incorporate Helen Nissenbaum's "privacy as contextual integrity" approach, defining privacy in terms of contextually appropriate flows of personal information. While Nissenbaum's framework treats contextual norms as largely exogenous and emphasizes their normative valence, the GKC framework provides a systematic method to excavate personal information rules-in-use that actually apply in specific situations and interrogate governance mechanisms that shape rules-in-use. The GKC framework thus directs attention beyond information transmission principles to a broader spectrum of rules-in-use for personal information and supports consideration of procedural legitimacy. After discussing how the GKC framework can enrich privacy research, we explore empirical evidence for contextual integrity as governance within the GKC framework through meta-analysis of previous knowledge commons case studies, revealing three governance patterns within the observed rules-in-use for personal information flow. Though constrained by existing literature, our theoretical analysis provides strong justification for a new research agenda using the GKC framework to explore privacy as governance. We conclude by discussing potential implications for policy-makers of viewing privacy through an information governance lens.

Examines the unified banana import policy from selected developing countries in the Asia, Pacific, and Caribbean region, and tensions surrounding the use of tariffs and quotas.

Evaluation has become a standard for youth programming, to provide both evidence for improvement recommendations and an assessment of program outcomes. Having a common evaluation tool across programs (in this case, camps) is beneficial in aggregating measurements and understanding similarities and differences between programs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of working with the California 4-H Camping Advisory Committee to develop a common evaluation tool for all California 4-H camps, and to share initial findings from the instrument. We present results from two years of data collection, and the multiple uses of the findings.

This article discusses several practical issues arising with the application of diagnostic principles to theory-based evaluation (e.g. with Process Tracing and Bayesian Updating). It is structured around three iterative application steps, focusing mostly on the third. While covering different ways evaluators fall victims to confirmation bias and conservatism, the article includes suggestions on which theories can be tested, what kind of empirical material can act as evidence and how to estimate the Bayes formula values/update confidence, including when working with ranges and qualitative confidence descriptors. The article tackles evidence packages (one of the most problematical practical issues), proposing ways to (a) set boundaries of single observations that can be considered independent and handled numerically; (b) handle evidence packages when numerical probability estimates are not available. Some concepts are exemplified using a policy influence process where an institution's strategy has been influenced by a knowledge product by another organisation.