Suchergebnisse

Hér birtist þýðing Jóns Bjarna Atlasonar á bókarkaflanum Amoeba terricola eftir Jakob von Uexküll. Benedikt Hjartarson og Bergljót Soffía Kristjánsdóttir skrifa inngang um tilurð þýðingarinnar.

Abstract
An increasing number of bacteria have been described as benefiting from interaction with free-living amoeba. The most common association between free-living amoeba and microorganisms is interaction of various non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial species with amoeba. Various pathogenic bacterial species have capacity to resist digestion by free-living amoeba, which has been observed by many researchers. Also, several of these pathogens are able to resist digestion by macrophages. In addition, free-living amoeba have been associated with several diseases in humans. Acanthamniioeba castella is an important predator of bacteria. It is a ubiquitous organism in water, soil, and air. Attention from a public health perspective is needed by investigation of interaction of foodborne pathogens and free-living amoeba. Bacteria can use free-living amoeba as reservoirs, mediators or vehicles, an infection route, "biological gym" and evolutionary crib or interaction may result in a close endosymbiotic relationship. The purpose of this review is to describe the interaction mechanisms between free-living amoeba and common bacteria species that survive in host cells.

This study examines the interaction between big data and amoeba organisations and addresses innovative management in decision-making processes. In the study, the impact of big data on business processes and the structural characteristics of amoeba organisations are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the integration of big data into decision-making processes in amoeba organisations and how this integration interacts with innovation and technological developments are examined. How innovative management strategies can be applied in this context and the impact of these strategies in organisations are analysed in detail. The study aims to make the interaction of big data and amoeba in the decision-making processes of organisations more understandable. Challenges and solutions are also discussed and suggestions are made for future work in this area.

From epiphytic habitats of Zhytomyr region we identified 16 species of naked amoebae. This species: Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Saccamoeba stagnicola (Page, 1974), Saccamoeba sp. (1), Cashia limacoides (Page, 1974), Korotnevella sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Ripella platypodia (Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007), Ripella sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella cantabrigiensis (Page, 1983), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Thecamoeba sp., Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969; Smirnov et al., 2007), Acanthamoeba sp. (1), Stygamoeba polymorpha (Sawyer, 1975). The most common were the amoebae Cochliopodium sp., Acanthamoeba sp. (1), S. stenopodia, Vexillifera sp., the least common – T. striata, R. platypodia, Mayorella sp., S. stagnicola, Saccamoeba sp. (1), S. polymorpha. On the species composition of the naked amoebae in epiphytic habitats Zhytomyr region is affected by the humidity of the substrate: a decrease in humidity reduced the species richness of amoebae. The connection of the species composition of amoebae with height above the ground with increasing height above the ground decreases the species composition of amoebae. At the levels of 0–1,5 m, the most common amoeba occur (S. stenopodia, Cochliopodium sp. (1), M. cantabrigiensis, Acanthamoeba sp. (1)), at a height of 1–1,5 m, most amoeba disappear and the least appears common view of Thecamoeba sp. In wet mosses dominating species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), R. platypodia, S. stenopodia, Cochliopodium sp. (1), M. cantabrigiensis, Acanthamoeba sp. (1), dry epiphytes of the study area met C. limacoides, Korotnevella sp. (1), S. polymorpha. The most heterogeneous complexes of the wet habitats, while dry – fairly uniform. We identified all species can be considered everybody, meet as in mosses and aquatic and soil habitats.

Free-Living Amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa, which contain some groups considered as pathogenic microorganisms. These members are able to produce several opportunistic diseases including epithelial disorders, such as keratitis and fatal encephalitis. Even though they have been reported in numerous sources, such as soils, dust and water, there is no legislation related to the presence of these protozoa in soil-related environments worldwide. Therefore, there are no established prevention or disinfection protocols to advise the population regarding FLA infections or eliminate these microorganisms from human-related environments to date. Acanthamoeba spp. are the most common FLA isolated in soil samples, which is also the most common genera found in clinical cases. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic FLA in human-related soil samples of Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. A total of 26 soil samples were seeded in non-nutrient agar plates (2%), incubated at 26 °C, and monitored daily to evaluate the presence of FLA. DNA was extracted from those plates on which there was suspected FLA growth, and PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was carried out. A total of 17 from the 26 analysed samples were positive for FLA, where Acanthamoeba is the most abundant isolated genus (14/17; 82.4%), with the T4 genotype being the most common (13/14; 92.9%), followed by the T5 genotype, A. lenticulata (1/14; 7.1%). Moreover, Vermamoeba vermiformis, Stenamoeba dejonckheerei and Vannella pentlandi were isolated in three other samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of FLA presence in Cape Verde and the first report of V. vermiformis in beach sand worldwide.

Nucleariids are a small group of free-living heterotrophic amoebae. Although these organisms present a variety of cell sizes and cell coverings, they are mostly spherical cells with radiating filopodia, sometimes with several nuclei. Nuclearia, the genus that gives the name to the group, contains species that are opportunistic consumers of detritus, bacteria, and algae. The beautiful Pompholyxophrys is covered with endogenous siliceous pearls. Lithocolla covers itself with sand particles, or otherwise diatom frustules. The tiny Parvularia exclusively feeds on bacteria, and Fonticula is adapted to solid substrates and presents aggregative multicellular stages. Nucleariids belong to the Opisthokonta, which comprise animals, fungi, and their protist relatives and, form the earliest branch in the holomycotan clade (fungi and closest relatives). Hence, they are key for understanding the origin and diversification of Opisthokonta, an eukaryotic supergroup that contains organisms with different feeding modes, life-styles, and cell organizations. In this review, the reader will find an introduction to nucleariids, from their discovery in the 19th century until the most recent studies. It summarizes available information on their morphology, life history, cell organisation, ecology, diversity, systematics and evolution. ; The authors acknowledge all researchers who generated the knowledge on filose amoebae that has been introduced in this review, the Biodiversity Heritage Library for providing access to old references, and the reviewers for their thorough and constructive comments. T.G. received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number PGC2018-099921-B-I00]; from the Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR) [grant number SGR423]; from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant number ERC-2016-724173]; and from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [grant number GBMF9742]. E.V. thanks Steffen Clauß for imaging. ...

The fauna of testate amoebae in freshwater basins of Apsheron was investigated. 110 species and varieties of testate amoebae from 5 reservoirs were found during investigation period (1996-1999). The descriptions of 33 species of testate amoebae made by in vivo observations as well as by the study of total preparations impregnated by argentic nitrate are presented in the report (Arcella artocrea, A. polypora, A. conica, A. gibbosa, Centropyxis aerophila, C. elongata, C. spinosa, Trigonopyxis arcula, Lesquereusia epistomium, L. modesta, Nebela barbata, N. penardiana, N. galeata, N. militaris, N. collaris, Quadrulella symmetrica, Difflugia lucida, D. globulosa, D. bipartis, D. decloitrei, D. guttula, Assulina scandinavica, Euglypha filifera, E. rotunda, E. tuberculata, E. acanthophora, Placocista spinosa, Tracheleuglypha dentata, Trinema penardi, T. enchelys, T. verrucosum, Corythion dubium, Cyphoderia ampulla).