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The paper analyses economic evaluations by distinguishing evaluative statements from actual value judgments. From this basis, it compares four solutions to the value neutrality problem in economics. After rebutting the strong theses about neutrality (normative economics is illegitimate) and non‐neutrality (the social sciences are value‐impregnated), the paper settles the case between the weak neutrality thesis (common in welfare economics) and a novel, weak non‐neutrality thesis that extends the realm of normative economics more widely than the other weak thesis does.

AbstractWith growing demands on forests, there is a need to understand the drivers of managing the forest for diverse objectives, such as production, recreation, and climate adaptation. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and value basis of forest management behaviors, including different management strategies and management inactivity, among private forest owners in Sweden. Different dimensions of knowledge (declarative and procedural knowledge, assessed in terms of objective and subjective knowledge measures) and value priorities (basic values and forest values), as well as the role of forest owner identity, were examined. The study was conducted by means of a postal questionnaire to a random sample of private forest owners in Sweden (n = 3000, response rate 43%). The distinctions between actual knowledge (objective knowledge), confidence (subjective knowledge), and value priorities, in addition to the hierarchical structure of how these factors are linked to management behaviors, proved to be valuable. Results revealed that different knowledge dimensions and value priorities were jointly important for forest management behaviors. In addition, the role of forest owner identity for management behaviors was confirmed. Insights from the study may be used to develop policy and outreach to private forest owners and thereby facilitate different forest functions in private forestry.

The phenomenon of actual word compatibility appearing in current written speech is considered. The term actual word compatibility is introduced into scientific use to denote new or relatively new compatibility of the words breaking their usual syntagmatic connections and identifying changes in people's value orientations. Analyzing the compatibility of the adjectives with positive or negative meaning in sintagmas like zdorovyj cynizm ('healthy cynicism'), razumnaja agressija ('reasonable aggression'), nezdorovaja dobrota ('harmful kindness'), etc. the author comes to the conclusion that in the present-day perception there are some value orientations not typical of traditional culture. One of them is aggressive cult of force. The study is performed in the framework of language dynamic description on the material of the texts related to several professional communities (lawyers, psychologists, business coaches) and comments on them on the websites, etc. One of the methods applied is the analysis of potential word compatibility.

Chapter 1: Empirical Input–Output Representations and Transmutations of Actual Economies -- Chapter 2: Controllability, Observability and Spectral Post-Construction of the Value Theory -- Chapter 3: The Capital Theory Debate and the Almost Uncontrollability and Unobservability of Actual Economies -- Chapter 4: Value Theory, Joint Production and International Trade Issues -- Chapter 5: Empirical Pitfalls of the Traditional Value Theory: Joint Production and Actual Economies -- Chapter 6: Time Dilation, Abstract Social-International Labour and Profit -- Chapter 7: Arguing in Circles: Alternative Value Bases and Actual Economies -- Chapter 8: Capital Theory and Matrix Demand Multipliers in Sraffian Frameworks -- Chapter 9: Effective Demand and Devaluation Policies: Evidence from Input–Output Tables for Eurozone Economies -- Chapter 10: Wrestling with Goodwin's Distributive Growth Cycle Modelling: Theory and Empirical Evidence -- Chapter 11: Marxian Distributive–Effective Demand Dynamics and the "Law" of Rising Profit Rate.

Different safety measures adopted by governments across the
globe require the estimates of willingness to pay of the people to swap
wealth for a reduction in the probability of death and injury. The
approximation of these trade-offs are employed in assessing the
cost-benefit analysis of environmental issues, public safety measures on
highways and roads, medical treatments, and many other areas. Economists
term a trade-off between money and fatality risks as the Value of a
Statistical Life (VSL). The Value of Statistical Life and Limb is
generally predicted using one of the three main approaches. The first is
by the compensating wage differentials that workers must be paid to take
riskier jobs [Viscusi and Aldy (2003)]. The second approach examines
other behaviours where people weigh costs against risks [Blomquist
(2004)] and the third is through contingent valuation surveys where
respondents report their willingness to pay (WTP) to obtain a specified
reduction in mortality risks. The VSL is then obtained by dividing the
WTP by the risk reduction being valued [Alberini (2005)].

Abstract
"Face value," according to the OED, is "the value printed or depicted on a coin, banknote, ticket, etc., especially when less than the actual value." But we could hear in this expression an imperative—"face value!"—an injunction to consider value face to face, that is, prosopon pros prosopon. Prosopon, the Greek word for mask, gave rise to the rhetorical figure of prosopopoeia (prosopon poiein: to confer a mask or a face). A striking occurrence of prosopopoeia is found in the eighteenth-century British genre called "it-narrative," in which inanimate things speak and recount their life narrative. The first of these novels—Charles Gildon's Golden Spy (1702)—gives voice to a bunch of coins. And the genre becomes self-reflexive when money starts to "coin words," like the autobiographical protagonist of The Adventures of a Bank-Note (1770). Drawing on ancient sources, contemporary art, and readings of Nietzsche, Marx, and Levinas, the article attempts to formulate the following question: Why does money need a mask?

ABSTRACT: This paper provides the first value relevance analysis of deferred tax disclosures under IFRS/IAS. The comprehensive analysis, taking into account the different deferred tax components, shows that investors generally do not consider deferred taxes to convey relevant information for assessing firm value, with the exception being large net deferred tax assets. In order to examine whether the general value irrelevance of deferred tax information may be due to lacking cash flow implications, the value relevance analysis is complemented by an analysis of deferred tax balance reversal. This supplemental analysis reveals that about 70 percent of the deferred tax balance persists over time, with increasing accounts dominating decreasing accounts over a four-year horizon, and that deferred tax assets are more reversing than deferred tax liabilities. Further, quantifications reveal that the majority of balance reversals have rather negligible cash flow implications.

Macro-economic forecasts typically involve both a model component, which is replicable, as well as intuition, which is non-replicable. Intuition is expert knowledge possessed by a forecaster. If forecast updates are progressive, forecast updates should become more accurate, on average, as the actual value is approached. Otherwise, forecast updates would be neutral. The paper proposes a methodology to test whether forecast updates are progressive and whether econometric models are useful in updating forecasts. The data set for the empirical analysis are for Taiwan, where we have three decades of quarterly data available of forecasts and updates of the inflation rate and real GDP growth rate. The actual series for both the inflation rate and the real GDP growth rate are always released by the government one quarter after the release of the revised forecast, and the actual values are not revised after they have been released. Our empirical results suggest that the forecast updates for Taiwan are progressive, and can be explained predominantly by intuition. Additionally, the one-, two- and three-quarter forecast errors are predictable using publicly available information for both the inflation rate and real GDP growth rate, which suggests that the forecasts can be improved.