Suchergebnisse

Advancing a new general theory of human rights planning and drawing on a content analysis of nine core human rights treaties and a cross-case study of national human rights action plans (NHRAPs) of 53 countries, this volume sets out how these plans should be best developed, implemented, monitored, and how to maximize their effectiveness.

Airports are required to manage noise impact owing to a requirement for them to obtain a social license to operate from the public, and to comply with legislation such as the ICAO Balanced Approach and Environmental Noise Directive. The latter requires the development of noise action plans to help direct noise management strategies over long-term periods, however their success in this regard has been called into question. On the basis that noise is, at its core, a business challenge like any other, this paper investigates approaches and frameworks to strategic planning and decision making from the strategy and business literature, to identify core aspects that may be of value to the action planning process. In so doing the paper identifies several opportunities for noise action planning, and subsequent noise management measures, to be enhanced, and calls for additional research to further explore the potential for such approaches to be developed and applied in the future.

AbstractTool use consists of at least two coupled phases of activities, involving multi‐step problem solving. It therefore provides an interesting window on the development of planning in goal‐directed behavior. This study investigated 2‐year‐olds' and 3‐year‐olds' hand use in picking up and subsequently using a tool for displacing a target‐object towards a specified goal location. The children had to use a stick (Experiment 1; N = 41 in total) or a cane (hooked stick) that was lying in varying starting orientations (Experiment 2; N = 32 in total). Age differences were found in the way goal‐related information in combination with tool‐related information influenced the choice of which hand to use in different phases of the task. A view on action planning is developed as a dynamic action‐selection process for which actions to take. This process integrates factors that are internal to the child's action system (e.g. motor preferences and dexterity) with external (i.e. sensory) sources of information.

The position put forth in this article is that both clients and counselors must be regarded as active agents within the counseling process. Using 4 phases of counseling, client actions at each phase are viewed in terms of their implications for action planning. Adopting this perspective has implications for both counseling practice and evaluation.

This study used the critical incident technique to investigate what helped and hindered unemployed and career‐changing people in implementing the action plans they developed while participating in career or employment counseling. Information from interviews with 23 women and 16 men generated 9 categories of helping incidents and 9 categories of hindering incidents. These categories increase understanding of the nature of action planning and reveal implications for preparing clients to engage in action planning activities.