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Intro -- RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH -- RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- HOMELESS YOUTH IN THE UNITED STATES: RECENT RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERVENTION APPROACHES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Definitional Issues -- HOMELESS YOUTH: A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE EXISTING RESEARCH LITERATURE -- Prevalence and Geographical Distribution of Youth Homelessness -- Age, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, and Pregnancy -- Background Characteristics -- Difficulties with School -- Family Conflict and Child Maltreatment -- Mental Health and Behavioral Disorders -- Risky Behaviors and Victimization -- Service Utilization -- NEW AREAS OF RESEARCH SINCE 1998 -- Longitudinal Studies -- Homelessness among Former Foster Youth -- The Foster Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study -- Youth Aging Out of Foster Care in Metropolitan Detroit -- The Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth -- Homelessness among Youthful Offenders -- Intervention Research -- Case Management -- Family-Focused Interventions -- Social Skills Training -- School-based Interventions -- Other Intervention Research -- Prevention Research -- Family-focused preventive programs -- School-based preventive programs -- Preventing homelessness among youth aging out of foster care -- Preventing homelessness among youthful offenders -- Employment programs as a prevention strategy -- Theoretical Developments -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- End Note -- PROMISING STRATEGIES TO END YOUTH HOMELESSNESS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act -- Background -- Homeless Youth -- Extent of Youth Homelessness -- II. UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM -- Who Are Homeless Youth? -- Defining Youth Homelessness -- Characteristics of Homeless Youth -- Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse -- Poverty/Economic Instability -- Mental Health Disorders -- Pathways to Homelessness

"This publication supersedes Department Circular 211, Government Forest Work, issued in April 1922." ; "Originally issued January 1938." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

"This publication supersede3s Department Circular 211, Government Forest Work, issued in April 1922." ; "Originally issued January 1938." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

Pluralism, the dominant theory in citizen involvement in the United States Forest Service since the 1950s, has prolonged the process of determining the public interest by promoting the use of appeals and lawsuits. The advent of more collaborative public involvement strategies in the past fifteen years offers the opportunity to assess whether participatory democracy offers a better paradigm for determining the public interest. This research focused on four cases of reported successful collaboration in Region One of the Forest Service and involved in-person interviews with 17 Forest Service officials and 24 citizen and interest group leaders. The researcher translated pluralist and participatory democracy paradigms into characteristic human actions and behavior in the setting of Forest Service public involvement, then analyzed reported actions and behaviors accordingly. Interviewees were asked to choose between two contrasting descriptions of group culture to characterize interactions with the Forest Service, one drawn from the rational choice model in the pluralist paradigm, the other from collaborative literature in the participatory democracy paradigm. Collaboration was rejected as a term for analysis because it lacked specific definition among both Forest Service and public interviewees. Instead, the researcher analyzed the cases using characteristics of participatory democracy drawn from civic republican theorists that also encompassed the characteristics contained in textbook descriptions of collaboration. Two of the cases had all characteristics and provided empirical examples of participatory democracy at work. Another of the cases used stakeholder negotiation that contained some of the aspects of participatory democracy, but lacked the characteristics of being voluntary and of fostering a sense of community. The last case used informed consent and was found to be a combination of participatory culture and synoptic administration. Based on these cases, the researcher concluded that public involvement that uses a participatory democracy paradigm has the potential to increase public trust in the Forest Service and to minimize appeals and lawsuits by creating strong diverse support for Forest Service decisions. The research also examined characteristics of the leadership in the cases and found trust and integrity to be essential to creating a participatory democracy paradigm.

Youth unemployment has remained a social and economic problem for over a quarter of a century. Experience in the U.S. Employment Service and in schools and other agencies in the community indicates that special advocates, i.e., youth employment specialists, are needed to work with youth and employers if young people are to get their full share of the job opportunities and are to achieve maximum utilization of their talents as new entrants into the labor market.

Cet article analyse les différentes modalités d'accès à la fonction publique fédérale aux États-Unis. Il montre que celles-ci ont évolué passant de procédures bureaucratiques mais honorables à des mécanismes indifférents au talent et influencés par la politique et les intérêts organisés. Pour comprendre cette évolution, l'auteur propose un modèle basé sur la rencontre entre l'offre et la demande sur le marché du travail des administrations fédérales. Elle explique comment le recrutement s'est modifié au cours des quatre décennies précédentes et comment cette modification s'est accélérée pendant ces cinq dernières années. Pour cela elle étudie les dernières évolutions législatives et réglementaires. Elle montre finalement que a) le gouvernement n'encourage ni ne récompense la formation professionnelle des candidats aux emplois publics ; b) l'endettement croissant des étudiants entraîne une diminution du nombre de diplômés dans les matières préparant aux emplois publics, et c) les élites diplômées les plus talentueuses ne sont pas encouragées à travailler au sein de la fonction publique fédérale.