Suchergebnisse

Various pagings. ; Bibliography at end of each chapter of the section, Burns. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"This document provides previously unavailable youth demographic, injury and asthma estimates at the national level for youth on Hispanic-operated farms in the U.S. A Hispanic is defined as any person of Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino origin. These data represent the initial step in developing research and prevention programs to reduce the burden of injury and asthma on Hispanic farms in the U.S. What are the hazards? According to data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there were 366 estimated youth less than 20 years of age injured on Hispanic farm operations in the U.S. in 2000. Major causes of these injuries included contact with objects and falls. In addition, there were an estimated 1,299 youth with asthma living on these farms. The injury and asthma estimates reported here should be considered conservative because of the potential for recall bias and other biases in the survey. How are youth exposed or put at risk? Exposures to farm hazards are not limited to youth who work on farms. In addition to injuries sustained during work activities, youth may be injured while living on farms, while visiting farms, or when they accompany their working parents or adults into the fields. The farm environment also contains many known triggers for asthma. The injury and asthma hazards these youth encounter may be work or non-work in nature, and make the farm a unique environment for developing prevention strategies. What recommendations have the federal government made to protect the health of farm youth? The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) and its amendments set standards for child labor in agriculture. However, the FLSA covers only employees whose work involves production of agricultural goods, which will leave the state through interstate commerce. In addition, FLSA regulations do not apply to youth working for their parents or guardian(s) on the family's farm. Youth who work on farms are often not protected by workplace safety and health regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) because these youth frequently work for small operations that are not inspected by OSHA, or because OSHA regulations do not apply to the farm household members. For all youth on farms, there are no protections for injuries from hazards associated with non-work activities, which often expose them to the same hazards as work activities. Given the limited protections for youth on farms, there is a need for states and communities to develop and implement programs to reduce childhood agricultural injuries." - NIOSHTIC-2 ; John R. Myers, Kitty J. Hendricks, Larry A. Layne, and E. Michael Goldcamp. ; "October 2005." ; Includes bibliographical references: p. (12-13).

As part of a series on moral injury in HSCC (see Davies, 2023; Part 1), this Part 2 will propose that the current conceptions of moral injury (MI) may be inadequate, and that there is a need to recognize a distinct conceptualization of "spiritual damage". Just as MI was, and still is, sometimes mistakenly and unhelpfully conflated with some criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder, it may also be a mistake to conflate spiritual damage with "spirituality injury" under the MI paradigm. The breadth and depth of spirituality and its basis in a divine, mysterious creator, or God(s), are such that their scope may extend beyond impacts that can be accounted for in terms of medicine, psychology and, in some respects, morality. As such, this article argues that the current discussion on spirituality within the MI framework may need to be revised to account for "spiritual damage" more comprehensively. It is suggested that a new approach to this area of MI is necessary to acknowledge the fundamentally important role of spirituality in a MI context, but also to expand the horizon to include spiritual damage that occurs before, during and after traumatic, difficult or horrific events. Further, deeper consideration needs to be given to encompassing both the institutional and personal aspects of religion and spirituality, and how damage in these areas can both wound and injure an individual's spiritual schema, while also providing the potential for spiritual growth. This study will consider five areas, in particular, that require deeper consideration: (i) spirituality and science; (ii) a relationship with the divine; (iii) the use of spiritual tools; (iv) the recognition of spirituality as more than just an "aftermath" issue; and (v) spiritual growth.

"PROBLEM/CONDITION: In the United States, unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide are the first, second, and fourth leading causes of death among persons aged 1-19 years, respectively; the highest rates have occurred among minority populations. The effects of age on the difference in rates between white and minority children and the mechanisms of injury that contribute most to that difference have not been previously reported. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: Data are presented for fatal injuries among children in the United States by race/ethnicity and mechanism of injury during 1999-2002. Trends in injury mortality by race/ethnicity are provided for 1982-2002. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Fatal injury data were derived from death certificates reported through CDC's National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS: During 1999-2002, among infants aged <1 year, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and blacks had consistently higher total injury death rates than other racial/ethnic populations. Both populations had more than twice the rate of injury death compared with white infants. Black infants had the highest rates of unintentional suffocation and homicide, whereas AI/AN infants had the highest rate of motor-vehicle (MV)-traffic death. Among children aged 1-9 years, AI/ANs and blacks had the highest injury death rates. AI/ANs aged 1-9 years had the highest rates of MV-traffic death and drowning; in contrast, blacks aged 1-9 years had the highest rates of homicide and fire/burn death. Among children aged 10-19 years, AI/ANs and blacks consistently had higher total injury death rates than whites. AI/ANs aged 10-19 years had the highest rates of suicide and MV-traffic death, and blacks aged 10-19 years had the highest rates of homicide. The disparity in injury mortality rates by race/ethnicity during 1982-1985 had not declined by 1999-2002. INTERPRETATION: Significant disparities in injury rates still exist between white and minority children. Disparities varied by age and mechanism of injury. Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders consistently had lower risk, whereas AI/ANs and blacks consistently had higher risk for fatal injuries than other racial/ethnic populations. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Educational, regulatory, and environmental modification strategies (e.g., home visitation programs, safety-belt laws, and swimming pool fencing) have been developed for each type of injury for use by health-care providers and government agencies." p. 1 ; Stephanie J. Bernard, Leonard J. Paulozzi, L.J. David Wallace, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. ; "May 18, 2007" ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; References: p. 7-9.

This article studies the consequences of organizational innovations on occupational injuries and illnesses in the American private sector over the past 20 years. High-performance workplace practices such as total quality management, job rotation and autonomous work teams can damage workplace health and safetythey can increase the intensity of work both in manufacturing and tertiary industries, and some practices can even be incompatible with the design and the assinirlation of safety rules. Using surveys on organizational changes in the USA, management literature and BLS-OSHA data, we show for 26 sectors that the adoption of high-performance practices seems correlated to a dramatic increase in occupational injuries and illnesses.

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and traumatic injuries in disabled children and adolescents attending the special‐needs schools in Kuwait. Included in the study were 818 children (438 males and 380 females), in the age groups of 3–20 years, who have visual impairment, hearing impairment, physical handicaps, or developmental disorders. The mean age of participants was 11.9 years. The survey was carried out according to the methods of WHO. The prevalence of severe malocclusion was 23.6%, and that of slight malocclusion was 37.0%. Children with Down syndrome (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.51‐3.52), those of increasing age (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.10), and males (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.05‐2.07) had higher risk for the occurrence of severe malocclusion. Less than one‐fifth of the subjects (16.9%) had traumatized anterior teeth. Severe malocclusion (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.17‐2.77) and increasing age (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.13‐1.26) were significant risk factors for the occurrence of traumatic injuries. We concluded that malocclusion and traumatic injuries are more prevalent among these subjects with disabilities than among the healthy population in Kuwait.

More than 60 partners joined the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's (NCIPC) Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention (DUIP) in developing the National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention (NAP) to provide guidance to the nation. The overall goal of the NAP is to lay out a vision to guide actions that are pivotal in reducing the burden of childhood injuries in the United States and to provide a national platform for organizing and implementing child injury prevention activities in the future. The NAP provides a roadmap for strengthening the collection and interpretation of data and surveillance, promoting research, enhancing communications, improving education and training, advancing health systems and health care, and for strengthening policy. Elements of the plan can inform actions by cause of injury and be used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, not-for-profit organizations, health care providers, and others to facilitate, support, and advance child injury prevention efforts. ; "CS229043." ; Mode of access: Internet from CDC web site as an Acrobat .pdf file (6.69 MB, 92 p.). ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention. Atlanta (GA): CDC, NCIPC; 2012

A comprehensive study of the post-deployment health-related needs associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and traumatic brain injury among servicemembers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, the health care system in place to meet those needs, gaps in the care system, and the costs associated with these conditions and with providing quality health care to all those in need

Necrotizing mucormycosis is a devastating complication of wounds incurred in the setting of military (combat) injuries, natural disasters, burns, or other civilian trauma. Apophysomyces species, Saksenaea species and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia) species, although uncommon as causes of sinopulmonary mucormycosis, are relatively frequent agents of trauma-related mucormycosis. The pathogenesis of these infections likely involves a complex interaction among organism, impaired innate host defenses, and biofilms related to traumatically implanted foreign materials. Effective management depends upon timely diagnosis, thorough surgical debridement, and early initiation of antifungal therapy.

Necrotizing mucormycosis is a devastating complication of wounds incurred in the setting of military (combat) injuries, natural disasters, burns, or other civilian trauma. Apophysomyces species, Saksenaea species and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia) species, although uncommon as causes of sinopulmonary mucormycosis, are relatively frequent agents of trauma-related mucormycosis. The pathogenesis of these infections likely involves a complex interaction among organism, impaired innate host defenses, and biofilms related to traumatically implanted foreign materials. Effective management depends upon timely diagnosis, thorough surgical debridement, and early initiation of antifungal therapy.

Abstract: In the United States, teen suicide rates tripled over several decades, but have declined slightly since the mid-1990s. Suicide, by its nature, is a complex problem. Many myths have developed about individuals who complete suicide, suicide risk factors, current prevention programs, and the treatment of at-risk youth. The purpose of this article is to address these myths, to separate fact from fiction, and offer recommendations for future suicide prevention programs. Myth #1: Suicide attempters and completers are similar. Myth #2: Current prevention programs work. Myth #3: Teenagers have the highest suicide rate. Myth #4: Suicide is caused by family and social stress. Myth #5: Suicide is not inherited genetically. Myth #6: Teen suicide represents treatment failure. Psychiatric illnesses are often viewed differently from other medical problems. Research should precede any public health effort, so that suicide prevention programs can be designed, implemented, and evaluated appropriately. Too often suicide prevention programs do not use evidence-based research or practice methodologies. More funding is warranted to continue evidence-based studies. We propose that suicide be studied like any medical illness, and that future prevention efforts are evidence-based, with appropriate outcome measures.