Suchergebnisse

Population ageing and its future implications for governments and individuals have been central to much policy debate and research targeted to retain older people in the workforce. This study identified workforce participation patterns across the adult life course for women and men entering later life, and explored the influences of various early and adult life socio-demographic circumstances. Data were collected from 1261 men and women aged 60 to 64 years in the Life History and Health (LHH) Survey (a sub-study of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, Australia) in 2010–11. LHH provides detailed information on personal histories of paid work, socio-economic resources from childhood (number of books and father's occupation) and adult life factors such as educational attainment, marital histories, childcare and informal caring. Latent class analysis (LCA) was undertaken to identify patterns of workforce participation for participants across their adult life. Significant gender differences were confirmed. Further analysis (LCA with covariates) showed that women who reported having books during childhood, and those who had post-school qualification, were more likely to have mostly been in paid work and less likely to have not been in paid work; while ever partnered women had significantly higher odds of increasing part time work over time. Men who had reported ever having had informal caring activities were likely to have had decreasing participation in paid work over time, and were highly likely to be not in paid work after 55 years. Ever partnered status was protective for being in paid work for men. These findings indicate the need for gender-specific policies and strategies to enable continued workforce participation throughout adult life and into later working years, particularly for people who had fewer social or economic opportunities earlier in life. ; This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (project number CE110001029).

Population ageing and its future implications for governments and individuals have been central to much policy debate and research targeted to retain older people in the workforce. This study identified workforce participation patterns across the adult life course for women and men entering later life, and explored the influences of various early and adult life socio-demographic circumstances. Data were collected from 1261 men and women aged 60 to 64 years in the Life History and Health (LHH) Survey (a sub-study of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, Australia) in 2010–11. LHH provides detailed information on personal histories of paid work, socio-economic resources from childhood (number of books and father's occupation) and adult life factors such as educational attainment, marital histories, childcare and informal caring. Latent class analysis (LCA) was undertaken to identify patterns of workforce participation for participants across their adult life. Significant gender differences were confirmed. Further analysis (LCA with covariates) showed that women who reported having books during childhood, and those who had post-school qualification, were more likely to have mostly been in paid work and less likely to have not been in paid work; while ever partnered women had significantly higher odds of increasing part time work over time. Men who had reported ever having had informal caring activities were likely to have had decreasing participation in paid work over time, and were highly likely to be not in paid work after 55 years. Ever partnered status was protective for being in paid work for men. These findings indicate the need for gender-specific policies and strategies to enable continued workforce participation throughout adult life and into later working years, particularly for people who had fewer social or economic opportunities earlier in life. ; This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (project number CE110001029).

The empowerment of women is critical for improving their status in society and, in turn, women's access to economic and financial resources is vital for their empowerment. Despite a discernible improvement in India's rural economy in recent years, the rural female workforce has been declining. One of the primary reasons is that in rural areas women lack access to land and productive resources which aggravates the problem. The objective of this article is to examine trends, patterns and drivers of female workforce participation in rural India captured through the lens of migration, social and religious factors, land rights, agricultural income, education and wages. The study found that female employment in rural India has been reducing, possibly, for the following reasons: firstly, women tend to work only during distress conditions; secondly, they find working conditions either unsafe or unsuitable; and thirdly, social norms restrict their entry into the job market. The study suggests that improving their access to land and productive resources, providing them decent work opportunities and prioritising their education and skills training will collectively help women in improving their socio-economic status.

The structure of labor markets and the nature of the participation in them of various social groups such as migrants has increasingly become an area of concern for planners in social welfare and migration policy as well as for those concerned with the broader theoretical questions of the nature and changes in the patterns of class relations and stratification. This article presents a detailed qualitative analysis of individual patterns of workforce participation. In particular, it focuses on the work experiences of a group of Turkish women and their husbands in Sydney, Australia.

Access to meaningful and equitably paid work is an ongoing issue facing people with disabilities across the world. This article is concerned with the nature and extent of workplace accommodation currently made available in Australia to people with disabilities. The article is based on analysis of theAustralian Survey of Disability Ageing and Carers(2003). The article first ratifies existing findings in the literature that people with disability are less likely to be employed and where employed, are likely to be underemployed and underpaid. Restrictions in the ability to participate in paid work without accommodations were common with the need for accommodation varying from 43% through to 91%, depending on the nature of disability experienced. We identify the possibility that people with disability self-select themselves into workplaces where they can self-accommodate their own access needs. Generally, the extent of workplace accommodations provided were low (12%–27%). Known stratifying factors (gender, ethnicity, and education) exacerbated existing barriers to accessing employment. Workers with higher training needs were less likely to secure employment while people accessing the workplace with the benefit of an advocate were more likely to be in the workforce. Strategies for enhancing employment outcomes are discussed.

Holzer published a recent analysis of the potential of the publicly-funded US workforce system to reduce unemployment and boost labor force participation. He makes a strong argument for increasing basic supports for work engagement as a way of getting disconnected workers back on the job.
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[Surveys on adult education participation in Europe] In light of the growing importance of lifelong learning and the increased skills demand more and more studies focus on adult education statistics to derive policy recommendations. In part, the project VoRREFi-WB ("Economic and regional costs, funding structures and benefits of continuing education") aims to producing a more grounded analysis of perspectives on adult education and to contribute to the discussion of several EU policy objectives, especially with respect to the follow-up indicators of the Lisbon strategy and the new Europe 2020 strategy. There is an urgent need for a common understanding of adult education statistics to overcome misinterpretations of Europe-wide comparable datasets on adult education. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of issues related to adult learning classifications and statistical concerns as well as an analysis of the development and performance of the adult education sector in Europe. The main overarching policy objectives to which the VoRREFi-WB project contributes include: * Analysing trans-European data on the adult education sector to monitor the multiplicity of adult learning and to develop evidence-based policies; * Achieving better insights about and understanding of the participation of adult learning, its participants, providers and nature. In the literature, analysts use a variety of concepts of training. Moreover, compared to compulsory education and higher education, data on adult education are limited due to their varied nature and the high dispersion of providers. Since for their surveys analysts must draw on what is available in terms of data, the emphasis is generally placed on simple measures of training participation, for example, whether training has been received during a particular time period. Furthermore, are statistical issues arise from the method of data collection as well as the varied wording of survey questions. Thus far, the literature is less focused on training aspects such as its duration, purpose, funding, location and the number of courses taken. These concepts have, however, often been regarded as important in more general discussions about the provision of training. To restate, this paper aims to fill the gap in the analysis of statistical data collection of adult education surveys, to provide a holistic analysis of the content and comparability of surveys as well as of current trends with comprehensive data split by contextual factors. ; Study as part of the project "Economic and regional costs, funding structures and benefits of continuing education" (VoREFFi-WB) - Supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.