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This study was designed to determine the effects of challenge-based and activity-based learning approaches on technical college students' achievement and retention in woodwork technology. A pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The study constituted a total number of 122 subjects, 63 for Challenge-based learning, while 59 for activity-based learning. three research questions and three null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance, guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were Woodwork Cognitive Achievement Test (WCAT). Other instruments used were the challenge-based and activity-based learning lesson plans. The items of the WCAT were based on a table of specifications built in order to ensure the content validity of the test. The instruments were also subjected to face validation by five experts in woodwork technology from the Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna and woodwork technology teachers at Government Technical Colleges in Niger State. The WCAT was trial-tested to determine its psychometric indices and reliability coefficient. The trial test for determining the coefficient of stability of the WCAT was carried out using the test re-test reliability method. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of WCAT was found to be .78. In addition, Kuder Richardson 21 (K-R 21) was used to test the internal consistency of the WCAT. The reliability coefficient obtained was .76. Mean was used to answer the research questions; while ANCOVA was employed to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that students taught woodwork using the challenge-base learning instructional approach had a higher mean score than students taught using the activity-based learning teaching method in cognitive achievement test. In each mean score of males taught woodwork using a challenge-based learning instructional approach was higher than the mean score of females taught using the same ...

This study was designed to determine the effects of challenge-based and activity-based learning approaches on technical college students' achievement and retention in woodwork technology. A pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The study constituted a total number of 122 subjects, 63 for Challenge-based learning, while 59 for activity-based learning. three research questions and three null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance, guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were Woodwork Cognitive Achievement Test (WCAT). Other instruments used were the challenge-based and activity-based learning lesson plans. The items of the WCAT were based on a table of specifications built in order to ensure the content validity of the test. The instruments were also subjected to face validation by five experts in woodwork technology from the Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna and woodwork technology teachers at Government Technical Colleges in Niger State. The WCAT was trial-tested to determine its psychometric indices and reliability coefficient. The trial test for determining the coefficient of stability of the WCAT was carried out using the test re-test reliability method. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of WCAT was found to be .78. In addition, Kuder Richardson 21 (K-R 21) was used to test the internal consistency of the WCAT. The reliability coefficient obtained was .76. Mean was used to answer the research questions; while ANCOVA was employed to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that students taught woodwork using the challenge-base learning instructional approach had a higher mean score than students taught using the activity-based learning teaching method in cognitive achievement test. In each mean score of males taught woodwork using challenge-based learning instructional approach was higher than the mean score of females taught using the same ...

Katlyn Marie Carter— According to recent reports, a woodworker, maid, and plumber may be among those called to testify against former U.S. President Donald Trump as he stands trial for... READ MORE
The post A Woodworker, a Blacksmith, and Suspicious State Secrets appeared first on Yale University Press.

This study examines the effects of challenge-based and activity-based learning approaches on technical college students' achievement, interest and retention in woodwork technology. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The study constituted a total number of 122 subjects, 63 for Challenge-based learning, while 59 were for activity-based learning. The study revealed that students who taught woodwork using the challenge-based learning instructional approach had a higher mean score than students taught using the activity-based learning teaching method in cognitive achievement tests, psychomotor achievement tests and tests for retention of learning. Consequently, the research recommended that the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should consider a review of the Woodwork work curriculum for Technical Colleges with a view to incorporating the challenge-based learning instructional approach into the teaching of the woodwork.

AbstractDoulas offer emotional support to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the early postpartum period. In hospitals, doulas support their clients without holding formal status as employees or as a regulated profession. Drawing on interviews with 26 doulas in Toronto, Canada, along with analyses of the legacy of medical dominance in maternity care, I examine how doulas accomplish their work in hospitals. I find that doulas face challenges accessing physical resources and struggle to provide their model of care in light of routine hospital procedures and interventions. In response, many doulas develop strategies to address the constraints imposed by their work contexts. These findings suggest that the medical model of birth is resistant to even minor modifications or perspectives that view birth holistically rather than solely dependent on medical intervention.

The purpose of this study was to compare the psychomotor performance of students taught woodwork technology with classroom as against online mode of instruction in Nigerian Universities. Two research questions guided the study, as well, one (1) hypothesis was formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. The quasi experimental design was used and the population of the study was 67Undergraduate Students from the Department of Technical Education, Ebonyi State University Abakiliki. The sample of the study was 48 students comprising of 30 and 18 students from 100level and 200level respectively. The instrument for data collection was the Woodwork Technology Practical Skills Assessment Instrument (WTPSAI) for measuring the psycho-performance of Woodwork Technology students in the manufacturing of stool, office chairs, door frame, panel door, and brace and batten door. The instrument was developed by the researcher which was content and face validated by 3 research experts from Delta State University Abraka, one from Measurement and Evaluation and the other two from Technical Education. Treatment was administered to the two experimental groups using two different mode of instruction, after which data were collected by the researcher through the administration of WTPSAI by lecturer from the institution selected for the study. Data collected were analysed using T-test to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that classroom and online mode of instruction for teaching and learning woodwork technology have significant effects on students' psychomotor performance in Woodwork Technology. Furthermore, unlike Classroom mode of instruction, Online Mode of Instruction appears to be more effective in terms of the acquisition of psychomotor skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that Woodwork Technology lecturers and instructors should integrate online mode of instruction in the implementation of Woodwork Technology curriculum which will aid in the production of competent woodwork Technology graduates that will be useful to him/her self and to the society.

Purpose
Despite being a low-tech industry, woodwork manufacturing industry that includes furniture and cabinet making, witnessed technological leaps in production technologies due to technical developments in computer numerical control (CNC) machining processes. The managers of this industry have attached high importance to the selection of efficient machines as their decisions directly affect the quality and performance of products produced by the firms. Improper selection process can result in a significant decrease in productivity and flexibility. Therefore, a systematic decision-making procedure is needed to prevent inaccurate investments on machines. The purpose of this paper is to purpose a hesitant fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (HFAHP) based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) system for CNC router selection in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in woodwork manufacturing.


Design/methodology/approach
The study proposes a hierarchical model consisting of 4 main criteria and 11sub-criteria for woodwork manufacturing. Technical, personnel, economic and vendor aspects constitute the main criteria. Because of the hierarchical structure of the model, HFAHP is utilized to define the importance weights of the criteria, and to select the most appropriate CNC alternative for a manufacturing company under focus. In a selection procedure, the judgments of decision makers may have vagueness to specify the importance of criteria affecting the decision process. In the literature, the fuzzy set theory has been utilized to deal with such uncertainties. However, when the ideas of the managers have high potential to fall into contradiction in pairwise comparisons, a novel approach is needed to overcome the obstacles. HFAHP allows the membership degree having a set of possible values. It is specifically useful in compromised decisions where experts cannot agree on a single value and prefer to come up with an interval of linguistic variables.


Findings
It is revealed that for SMEs in woodwork manufacturing, the most important criterion in selecting the CNC routers is the technical aspects. It may seem counter intuitive that they do not refrain finding the technical criteria superior to the economic aspects, even though they have limited budgets compared to large-scale firms. This demonstrates that in current competitive environment, SMEs understand the need for high-quality production strategy. The weights of the remaining two criteria (personnel and vendor aspects) are relatively low because they expect that they can easily overcome the problem of adapting the workers by training, and all vendors have quality standard qualifications so they can offer a satisfactory service and supplementary systems.


Practical implications
The ready-to-use model proposed is specialized for SMEs in woodwork manufacturing. However, to make it an easily adaptable model for every company in the woodwork industry regardless of its size, the calculation process of the priority weights is illustrated in detail with a numerical example. Any company can follow the process using their own preferences to end up with a specific model that will perfectly reflect their own specific priorities. For demonstrating the application of the model, a case study is conducted in a woodwork manufacturing SME to select the best CNC router among three alternatives.


Originality/value
The originality and value of the paper is twofold. First, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that proposes a woodworking-specific CNC router selection for SMEs. Second, to handle the high uncertainty in the judgements, and to facilitate consensus among the experts during face to face meetings to develop compromised matrices, a very recently developed method, HFAHP is used.

The changing economies in many developing countries have forced governments and educators to place a high priority on entrepreneurial skill training and development. The major thrusts of technical and vocational education (TVE) in Nigeria amongst other things are to address issues of self reliance, job creation, youth unemployment, poverty and international competitiveness in skills development towards current and projected opportunities and challenges. Such issues are crucial particularly to Nigeria and to Africa's dignity and survival in general in the fast-changing global environment. This paper highlights on the concepts, issues and need for entrepreneurial skill acquisition in woodwork trades in addressing the problems of youth unemployment in Nigeria. The paper also identified some challenges to effective entrepreneurial skill development in TVE. Some recommendations were made, based on the identified challenges. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n8p99

Includes 3 United States government pamphlets all "reprinted with corrections . 1960" (Commercial standard CS190-59. CS204-59, CS205-59) with titles: Double-hung wood window units; Wood awning window units; Wood casement window units. ; Mode of access: Internet.