Suchergebnisse

There have been numerous efforts recently to digitize previously published content and preserving born-digital content leading to the widespread growth of large text reposi- tories. Web archives are such continuously growing text collections which contain ver- sions of documents spanning over long time periods. Web archives present many op- portunities for historical, cultural and political analyses. Consequently there is a grow- ing need for tools which can efficiently access and search them. In this work, we are interested in indexing methods for supporting text-search work- loads over web archives like time-travel queries and phrase queries. To this end we make the following contributions: • Time-travel queries are keyword queries with a temporal predicate, e.g., "mpii saarland" @ [06/2009], which return versions of documents in the past. We in- troduce a novel index organization strategy, called index sharding, for efficiently supporting time-travel queries without incurring additional index-size blowup. We also propose index-maintenance approaches which scale to such continuously growing collections. • We develop query-optimization techniques for time-travel queries called partition selection which maximizes recall at any given query-execution stage. • We propose indexing methods to support phrase queries, e.g., "to be or not to be that is the question". We index multi-word sequences and devise novel query- optimization methods over the indexed sequences to efficiently answer phrase queries. We demonstrate the superior performance of our approaches over existing methods by extensive experimentation on real-world web archives. ; In der jüngsten Vergangenheit gab es zahlreiche Bemühungen zuvor veröffentlichte Inhalte zu digitalisieren und elektronisch erstellte Inhalte zu erhalten. Dies führte zu einem weit verbreitenden Anstieg großer Textdatenbestände. Webarchive sind eine solche Art konstant ansteigender Textdatensammlung. Sie enthalten mehrere Versionen von Dokumenten, welche sich über längere Zeiträume ...

This paper examines the archival appraisal process in web archives through the lens of social inclusion, aiming to understand how archival theory can contribute to building web archives that promote social justice. By analyzing archival literature and empirical cases of ten web archiving initiatives, this research identifies elements that suggest ways to construct web archives aligned with social justice principles. The study emphasizes the importance of reconsidering web content evaluation processes in light of diverse cultural contexts and systemic inequalities that can lead to the permanent loss of historical records. It argues that web archiving requires a thoughtful consideration of the cultural dimensions influencing preservation decisions. This study contributes to the understanding of evaluation in web archiving and serves as a foundation for future research in the field.

CNI 2019 Spring Membership Meeting ; Web archives, repositories of born-digital information dating back to the Internet Archive and national libraries in the mid-1990s, are fantastic resources of information covering topics of interest to humanities and social sciences scholars. Imagine a political historian studying elections, a historian studying youth culture in the late 1990s, or a scholar of the military or policy exploring how wars were reflected online. Yet while we have been collecting this information for over two decades, access has lagged: most scholars are limited to working with web archives one page at a time through portals such as the Wayback Machine. With the rise of the digital humanities, the computational social sciences, and web science more generally, scholars increasingly have the ability and desire to work with data at scale. In this presentation, we introduce the Archives Unleashed Cloud, currently supported through a grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This service facilitates the (a) transfer of web archival data to the Cloud; (b) its analysis and transformation into standard scholarly derivatives; and (c) the building of a community around it via in-person events and learning guides. Our presentation begins by introducing the Cloud and discussing its motivation, discussing its technical underpinnings, and then exploring our current sustainability plan to keep the Archives Unleashed Cloud running after our foundation funding ends in 2020. ; This work is primarily supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Additional funding has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Columbia University Library's Mellon-funded Web Archiving Incentive Award, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation's Early Researcher Award program.

Since the mid-1990s institutions such as national libraries and the Internet Archive have been 'archiving the Web' through the harvesting, collection and preservation of 'web objects' (e.g. websites, web pages, social media) in web archives [55]. Much of the focus of the web archiving community has been on the continued development of technologies and practices for web collection development [38], with an increased attention in recent years on facilitating the scholarly use of web archives [25, 24, 61]. This research will take a step back to consider the place of web archives in light of 'the archival turn' and emergent questions over the ever- expansive role of the archive and the Web in everyday life. First coined by Stoler [81], 'the archival turn' denotes a shift from 'archive as source' to 'archive as subject,' signalling wide-ranging epistemological questions concerning the role of the archive (and the archivist) in shaping and legitimising knowledge and particular ways of knowing. This research proposes to re-situate web archives as places of knowledge and cultural production in their own right, by implicating both the web archivist and the technologies in the shaping of the 'politics of ephemerality' [82] that lead to the creation and maintenance of web archives. This study will identify key underlying assumptions about what the Web is (e.g. a 'Web of Documents,' 'abstract information space'), what of the contemporary Web is (or isn't) being archived, and the relative affordances for web archival practice and scholarly use. Furthermore, drawing on critical approaches to information, Science and Technology Studies and Web Science, this research will engage with the performativity of web archiving, the practices of selection, collection and classification, and the possible implications for a socio-technical understanding of web archives.

Descriptif de la journée Le vendredi 18 octobre 2019, les Archives de l'État et la Bibliothèque royale (KBR) vous emmèneront dans l'univers complexe de l'archivage du web, lors d'un colloque sous le thème « Saving the web : the promise of a Belgian web archive ». Pourquoi le web belge devrait-il être archivé ? Quel contenu du web belge est/sera sauvegardé ? Qu'est-ce au fond, le web belge ? Quels instruments sont utilisés pour archiver le web ? Comment le contenu est-il sauvegardé ? Comment peut-on avoir accès aux archives du web ? Quels sont les besoins des utilisateurs en matière d'archives du web ? Qu'en est-il de l'archivage du web à l'étranger ? Quels sont les aspects juridiques que les Archives de l'État et la Bibliothèque royale doivent prendre en compte ? Depuis 2017, les Archives de l'État, la KBR, les universités de Gand (Research Group for Media, Innovation and Communication Technologies ; Ghent Centre for Digital Humanities) et de Namur (Research Centre in Information, Law and Society) et la Haute-École Bruxelles-Brabant (Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences de l'Information et de la Documentation) développent une stratégie pour l'archivage du web au niveau fédéral, dans le cadre du projet de recherche PROMISE. Les chercheurs de ce projet, qui est financé par le SPP Politique scientifique (Belspo), auront le plaisir de présenter les résultats de leurs travaux lors d'un colloque consacré à l'archivage du web. Entre-temps, ils continuent à mettre en place et à tester une plateforme d'accès, ils contrôlent la qualité des informations archivées et ils analysent en profondeur les aspects juridiques des modalités de consultation des archives du web. Après l'été, la stratégie sera présentée au comité de direction des Archives de l'État et de la KBR, et ensuite, des procédures concrètes seront élaborées.

International audience ; The Internet has been covered by legal deposit legislation in France since 2006, making web archiving one of the missions of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). Access to the web archives has been provided in the library on an experimental basis since 2008. In the context of increasing interest in many countries in web archiving and how it may best serve the needs of researchers, especially in the expanding field of Internet studies for social sciences, a qualitative study was performed, based on interviews with potential users of the web archives held at the BnF, and particularly researchers working in various areas related to the Internet. The study aimed to explore their needs in terms of both content and services, and also to analyse different ways of representing the archives, in order to identify ways of increasing their use. While the interest of maintaining the "memory" of the web is obvious to the researchers, they are faced with the difficulty of defining, in what is a seemingly limitless space, meaningful collections of documents. Cultural heritage institutions such as national libraries are perceived as trusted third parties capable of creating rationally-constructed and well-documented collections, but such archives raise certain ethical and methodological questions.

International audience ; The Internet has been covered by legal deposit legislation in France since 2006, making web archiving one of the missions of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). Access to the web archives has been provided in the library on an experimental basis since 2008. In the context of increasing interest in many countries in web archiving and how it may best serve the needs of researchers, especially in the expanding field of Internet studies for social sciences, a qualitative study was performed, based on interviews with potential users of the web archives held at the BnF, and particularly researchers working in various areas related to the Internet. The study aimed to explore their needs in terms of both content and services, and also to analyse different ways of representing the archives, in order to identify ways of increasing their use. While the interest of maintaining the "memory" of the web is obvious to the researchers, they are faced with the difficulty of defining, in what is a seemingly limitless space, meaningful collections of documents. Cultural heritage institutions such as national libraries are perceived as trusted third parties capable of creating rationally-constructed and well-documented collections, but such archives raise certain ethical and methodological questions.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience ; The access to digital data is an economic, social and political issue. Accessibility does not only focus on the online publication of these data in a database, but as well in the discourses made by stakeholders on the web, such as the French association Regards citoyens. Since 2009, this group aggregates data of the activity of French Deputies in the French National Assembly, on the website nosdeputes.fr. In this case, political people allow the circulation of data that are arranged by actors without professional requirements unlike journalists. We are here interested in the enrichment of public data by citizens who participate in the public sphere in a form that differs from the mass media. We do not want to comment this public sphere but to describe it from the devices, the mediations that connect institutions and citizens. Therefore, we discuss the opportunity that a website like nosdeputes.fr can become the holder of a "digital public sphere" and interrogate the form of citizen oversight it induces. The frame of data on nosdeputes.fr questions the relationship between citizens, media and elected officials. On the one hand, these devices change the relationship between citizens and political action. On the other hand, we can assume that these devices bring politicians to adapt some of their practices in the French National Assembly according to the electoral agenda. We do not focus on the influence of some actors but on the oversight of citizens induced by this device. For example, nosdeputes.fr has listed activities of the 577 French Deputies since 2009. This survey provides detailed analysis of political activity in National Assembly but it is also interested in the look of the "citizen", by the comments he leaves on MPs' action.

International audience The Internet has been covered by legal deposit legislation in France since 2006, making web archiving one of the missions of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). Access to the web archives has been provided in the library on an experimental basis since 2008. In the context of increasing interest in many countries in web archiving and how it may best serve the needs of researchers, especially in the expanding field of Internet studies for social sciences, a qualitative study was performed, based on interviews with potential users of the web archives held at the BnF, and particularly researchers working in various areas related to the Internet. The study aimed to explore their needs in terms of both content and services, and also to analyse different ways of representing the archives, in order to identify ways of increasing their use. While the interest of maintaining the "memory" of the web is obvious to the researchers, they are faced with the difficulty of defining, in what is a seemingly limitless space, meaningful collections of documents. Cultural heritage institutions such as national libraries are perceived as trusted third parties capable of creating rationally-constructed and well-documented collections, but such archives raise certain ethical and methodological questions.