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The central theme of my four portfolio pieces is restoring watersheds and building watershed communities. Each component of my portfolio approaches this theme differently. Using a broad approach allowed me to explore the various ways communities, watersheds, and restoration can intersect. My first portfolio piece analyzes cost-effectiveness of low-technology erosion control structures. These were used as part of a project to restore California Gulch, near Anaconda, MT. The second piece begins with a legislative history of exempt well policy in Montana. It goes on to study the collaborative processes used in developing an exempt well bill in the 2017 legislature, then makes recommendations for future collaborative efforts in a memorandum to the Water Policy Interim Committee's chair. The third piece is an interdisciplinary curriculum focused on the Big Hole watershed. Through service-learning, 8th-11th grade students learn about the area before participating in a local restoration project. The fourth piece contains two documents relating to work I have done in the field of watershed restoration, and building watershed communities. The first is a reflection from my summer working in the field for the Montana Department of Environmental Quality on the Stream Reference Project. The second is a memorandum to the executive director of the Montana Watershed Coordination Council, summarizing the findings of a survey I developed and sent out to MWCC's membership. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/grad_portfolios/1005/thumbnail.jpg

The intended audience of the Directed Readings Series includes researchers, development practitioners, environmental activists, government officials, and educators who do not have a specialized training in Natural Resource Management but who, nonetheless, are involved in such management and would like to enhance their knowledge on the topic.

The high economic & ecological costs resulting from the increased farming of watershed lands in Pakistan, Ethiopia, India, & other developing countries are described. Strategies for rehabilitating watersheds that can be implemented through World Bank projects are discussed, eg, the use of improved & more suitable farming methods, reforestation, use of more fuel-efficient stoves, & construction of more effective dams for flood control & soil & water conservation. D. Dunseath.

In Embracing Watershed Politics, political scientists Edella Schlager and William Blomquist provide timely illustrations and thought-provoking explanations of why political considerations are essential, unavoidable, and in some ways even desirable elements of decision making about water and watersheds. With decades of combined study of water management in the United States, they focus on the many contending interests and communities found in America's watersheds, the fundamental dimensions of decision making, and the impacts of science, complexity, and uncertainty on watershed management.

This paper aims to showcase the experience of the Magat watershed in the implementation of the watershed management approach. Magat watershed was declared as a forest-reservation area through Proclamation No. 573 on June 26, 1969 because of its great importance to human survival and environmental balance in the region. The Magat case demonstrates the important role that 'champions' like the local government unit (LGU) could play in managing the country's watersheds. With the Nueva Viscaya province constituting 97% of the Magat watershed, the provincial government was committed to provide a strong management support system to the watershed. This involved interplay of critical elements, i.e., favorable policy and political environment, enabling social and institutional mechanisms, adequate financial support, and capable and committed actors and players. The management approach adopted in Nueva Vizcaya treated the watershed as a 'lifeshed' where human concerns are connected with land and water resources. It was premised on 'managing people first' to relate society's interests to the use of watershed resources. The provincial government was able to harness various stakeholders' participation and tap technical and financial support. It provided incentives for people to join in participatory management schemes and to adopt conservation practices. The 'feeling of control and sense of ownership' served as 'lifelines' for individuals and organizations to sustain the watershed.

What is the best way to divide a rugged landscape? Since ancient times, watersheds separating adjacent water systems that flow, for example, toward different seas, have been used to delimit boundaries. Interestingly, serious and even tense border disputes between countries have relied on the subtle geometrical properties of these tortuous lines. For instance, slight and even anthropogenic modifications of landscapes can produce large changes in a watershed, and the effects can be highly nonlocal. Although the watershed concept arises naturally in geomorphology, where it plays a fundamental role in water management, landslide, and flood prevention, it also has important applications in seemingly unrelated fields such as image processing and medicine. Despite the far-reaching consequences of the scaling properties on watershed-related hydrological and political issues, it was only recently that a more profound and revealing connection has been disclosed between the concept of watershed and statistical physics of disordered systems. This review initially surveys the origin and definition of a watershed line in a geomorphological framework to subsequently introduce its basic geometrical and physical properties. Results on statistical properties of watersheds obtained from artificial model landscapes generated with long-range correlations are presented and shown to be in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with real landscapes. ; ISSN:2296-424X

This paper aims to showcase the experience of the Magat watershed in the implementation of the watershed management approach. Magat watershed was declared as a forest-reservation area through Proclamation No. 573 on June 26, 1969 because of its great importance to human survival and environmental balance in the region. The Magat case demonstrates the important role that champions like the local government unit (LGU) could play in managing the countrys watersheds. With the Nueva

This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2015.00005/full#h11. ; What is the best way to divide a rugged landscape? Since ancient times, watersheds separating adjacent water systems that flow, for example, toward different seas, have been used to delimit boundaries. Interestingly, serious and even tense border disputes between countries have relied on the subtle geometrical properties of these tortuous lines. For instance, slight and even anthropogenic modifications of landscapes can produce large changes in a watershed, and the effects can be highly nonlocal. Although the watershed concept arises naturally in geomorphology, where it plays a fundamental role in water management, landslide, and flood prevention, it also has important applications in seemingly unrelated fields such as image processing and medicine. Despite the far-reaching consequences of the scaling properties on watershed-related hydrological and political issues, it was only recently that a more profound and revealing connection has been disclosed between the concept of watershed and statistical physics of disordered systems. This review initially surveys the origin and definition of a watershed line in a geomorphological framework to subsequently introduce its basic geometrical and physical properties. Results on statistical properties of watersheds obtained from artificial model landscapes generated with long-range correlations are presented and shown to be in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with real landscapes. ; We acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant 319968-FlowCCS, the Brazilian Agencies CNPq, CAPES, FUNCAP and FINEP, the FUNCAP/CNPq Pronex grant, the National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems in Brazil, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under contracts no. IF/00255/2013, PEst-OE/FIS/UI0618/2014, and EXCL/FIS-NAN/0083/2012, and the Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant No. P2EZP2-152188.

Local research in the Manupali watershed, with about 60% of its land area belonging to the upland municipality of Lantapan, Bukidnon, found that water quantity and quality declined due to soil erosion and domestic waste contamination. As population grows and agriculture becomes more integrated to the market, water deterioration is projected to worsen. Both economic and environmental sustainability then depend on the following management bodies: 1) the management of the Mt. Kitanglad range, the headwaters of the Manupali, 2) management of the tributaries that are within the agricultural areas of Lantapan and 3) the management of the bigger watershed cluster to where Manupali belongs. The first two management entities have management plans in place; with some funding pledges for the Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park (a protected area by law) Management Plan. The Lantapan municipality watershed management plan still needs funding support and an institutional body that can implement said plans. The bigger watershed cluster plan(Upper Pulangi) is being developed and success in the management depends in part on the commitment of the several communities that compose this cluster. Some of the challenges that were identified in implementing the several watershed management plans charged with sustainability of the Manupali are financial sustainability, limited economic instruments, weak property rights, lack of administrative mechanisms, human capital and institutional constraints, and a legal basis for the management structure.