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India is a country where a sizeable amount of population lives in rural areas. They are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. Most of the people living in rural areas are poor. They do not have any access to the banks. The awareness and access of the poor to the banking services is important for the alleviation of the poverty. Their access to the banking services will contribute a lot to the growth and development of our country's economy. Financial inclusion is a great weapon to overcome the financial backwardness as well as the establishment of good governance. It broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population, disadvantaged group and plays an essential role in the process of economic development. The Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have been making concentrated efforts periodically to overcome such vicious problems by promoting Financial Inclusion, being one of the important national objectives of the country. Since first phase of nationalization (1969) GoI continuously promoting financial inclusion through self-help groups, no frills account, simplification of KYC, Business correspondents etc., but no palpable effect could be seen in the plight of these financially vulnerable people. To mitigate this long drawn financial sufferings, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a new scheme in his Independence Day speech on 15th Aug 2014 called Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). Mission of PMJDY is to ensure easy access of financial services for the excluded section i.e. weaker section and the low income group. This effort will certainly go a long way in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty, while mitigating systematic risk and maintaining financial stability. This article focuses on the RBI, GoI initiatives, current status and future prospects of financial inclusion in India on the basis of facts and data provided by various secondary sources. It is concluded that financial inclusion shows ...

The current publication aims to review and analyse the ethical aspects and regulations to protect the category of vulnerable patients, as defined in the European legislation. These patients need special protection and require more detailed approach throughout the clinical trials' life cycle.

Social protection is a principal device in progressing comprehensive development and, supportable and socially just development; moreover, social protection has ascended as a widespread arrangement of instruments planned to help individuals, households and communities to better manage risk, shocks and extreme poverty. The National Social Protection Strategy of Cambodia gives the particular purpose of social protection as that assists people cope with major sources of poverty and vulnerability while in the meantime advancing human development. It comprises of abroad set of arrangements and instruments intended to ensure people, households and communities against the financial, economic and social results of diverse dangers, risks, shocks and to bring them out of poverty. In Cambodia, social protection has expanded more thought since the arrival of the National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable (NSPS) in 2011. The NSPS provides policy guidelines and activity arrangements to reinforce the social protection system in the country. Institutionally, the experience of a social safety net is nothing new to Cambodia, but the term and understanding might be conceptually separate. Cambodia is facing significant sources of vulnerability. The majority of vulnerable groups are children, women, people with disability, and the elderly. Poverty, growth inequality, social exclusion and lack of access to public services and opportunities are the main causes of vulnerability. This paper depicts about social protection policy of Cambodia, scope of SP, and presently facing the challenge of social protection in Cambodia; furthermore reviews on social protection framework and existing of social protection to reduce poverty that being embraced by government intervention.

BACKGROUND: Food security is defined as physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet the dietary requirements for a productive and healthy life. Evidence from the literature suggests that >800 million people worldwide are food insecure. Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) is the largest social safety net of the Government of Bangladesh targeting ultra-poor women to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to explore the factors associated with food security among VGD women in Bangladesh. METHODS: A total of 870 women (435/group) participated in the baseline survey and another 800 women (400/group) participated in the endline survey. Participants in the intervention group received monthly rations of 30 kg fortified rice (FFR) and the control group received 30 kg of non-FFR for 12 mo. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish both crude and confounder-adjusted relations between the primary outcome and response variables. Written consent was proved by study participants. This study (PR-14091) was approved by the Research Review Committee and Ethical Review Committee. RESULTS: Severe food insecurity in the endline survey decreased from ∼50% to 6.3% in both groups. The hunger scale also improved between the baseline and endline survey. More than 97% of respondents at endline reported no hunger compared with 80% at baseline; only 3% of women in both groups reported moderate hunger at endline. Multivariable regression model showed that ownership of a house and land for agriculture, wealth index (richest quintile), and absence of fever were significantly associated with food security (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that the VGD rice distribution program significantly improves the food security status of vulnerable women; however, ownership of a house and land for agriculture were the most significant factors associated with household food security in VGD program areas of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is a disaster affected country due to its geographical location and anthropogenic causes. Every year thousands of people are impacted by different kinds of climate induced environmental stressed. Social Safety Nets (SSNs) are non-contributory programmes that helps the poor and vulnerable community and also to reduce poverty and inequality to cope with disasters. Bangladesh government has taken initiative to alleviate poverty including the most vulnerable segment and poor people under different Safety Net Programmes. This study has been undertaken to assess the impacts of these allowance programs for increasing social and economic resiliency in household level. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, and case study. Secondary data were collected from different sources including books, journals and websites related to the study. This study has also investigated how the allowance allocated to extreme poor widows, elders and disabled people can facilitate their disaster resiliency. It compares the situation of allowance receivers to the situation when they were not getting the allowance. The study found that the program has a positive impact on the basic needs like food, cloth, medicine accessibility of the beneficiaries which make them economically resilient. It also founds that although the allowance amount is relatively small and insufficient to significantly contribute to household's graduation, it often enables recipients to stabilize their earnings. The study has suggested the need to develop a number of strategies especially for the local government to facilitate successful SSN program including increasing the amount of allowance, distributing money through mobile banking system, proper monitoring in selection process are most urgent in the study area.

Bangladesh is a disaster affected country due to its geographical location and anthropogenic causes. Every year thousands of people are impacted by different kinds of climate induced environmental stressed. Social Safety Nets (SSNs) are non-contributory programmes that helps the poor and vulnerable community and also to reduce poverty and inequality to cope with disasters. Bangladesh government has taken initiative to alleviate poverty including the most vulnerable segment and poor people under different Safety Net Programmes. This study has been undertaken to assess the impacts of these allowance programs for increasing social and economic resiliency in household level. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, and case study. Secondary data were collected from different sources including books, journals and websites related to the study. This study has also investigated how the allowance allocated to extreme poor widows, elders and disabled people can facilitate their disaster resiliency. It compares the situation of allowance receivers to the situation when they were not getting the allowance. The study found that the program has a positive impact on the basic needs like food, cloth, medicine accessibility of the beneficiaries which make them economically resilient. It also founds that although the allowance amount is relatively small and insufficient to significantly contribute to household's graduation, it often enables recipients to stabilize their earnings. The study has suggested the need to develop a number of strategies especially for the local government to facilitate successful SSN program including increasing the amount of allowance, distributing money through mobile banking system, proper monitoring in selection process are most urgent in the study area.

The Indonesian government in an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19 has limited health service activities, namely limiting nutrition services for vulnerable groups. The Covid-19 pandemic requires eligible woman to understand nutrition services for themselves and their families. This research describes the knowledge of eligible woman about nutrition services for vulnerable groups (babies and toddlers, teenage girl, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive design. This research was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 at RW-05 Reksosari, Suruh, Semarang. The sample used was eligible woman with a total sample of 92 people who were taken using a proportional random sample technique. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire that was made by the researcher. The results showed that the lowest average value of knowledge of eligible woman about nutrition services was the sub-variable of nutrition services for pregnant women. Then followed by the sub-variable nutrition services for children under five and the sub-variable principle for prevention of transmission in nutrition counseling and education services. The biggest average is the sub-variable nutrition service for teenage girl. The conclusion shows that the knowledge level of eligible woman is sufficient.

Introduction: Community engagement is characterized as 'a procedure of functioning cooperatively with gatherings of individual, associated by geo-graphic nearness, uncommon premiums, or comparable circumstances, as for issues influencing their prosperity Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze helpfulness of community engagement in public health involvement for vulnerable group which suffers more from health issues than non-vulnerable group. Material and Methods: In this paper a conceptual model is used to find the community engagement in public health interventions. This model is called latter of community. In this paper, support of Local Government Health departments necessary in engaging community is also discussed. We scanned the accompanying hotspots for deliberate audits of general wellbeing mediations: Cochrane CDSR and Focal, Campbell Library, DARE, NIHR HTA program site, HTA database, and DoPHER. Results: Findings show that there is strong proof that network commitment mediations positively affect a scope of wellbeing results crosswise over different conditions. Conclusion: It is concluded that, there is strong proof that network commitment mediations positively affect a scope of wellbeing results crosswise over different conditions. There is inadequat e proof to decide if one specific model of network commitment is further compelling instead of some other. Keywords: Community participation, Community engagement, Community development, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Meta-regression, Theoretical model, Public health, Evaluation, Intervention