Suchergebnisse

Offences in private life are dayly occurrence. Public information means very often abuse their own rights and in impermissible ways struggle through private lives instead of presenting more information about personal life inviolability and its defence possibilities. This kind of situation has several backgrounds – first of all, after soviet period`s deprivation of individual lives and poor legal education of the society it is still felt that people are not used to defend their offenced rights, using all possibilities provoded by law; secondly, due to enourmous infomation technologies' development pace science of law cannot keep up properly analysing and evaluating newly appeared relations, so standarts of law solve practical problems just for a part. The information of the society requires high culture level, strong ethic and moral positions, respect to the values and moral norms, recognized on the country's, national and international levels. This is the sphere, where narrow private and group interests, wishes to apply and develop demoralizing show business "culture", abuse of ethic norms should not be acceptable. Freedom of the media is inseparatable from social and legal responsibility, because when standarts of law do not work, democraty suffers and human rights are downgraded. The essence of the right of personal life inviolability is the right to decide himself/herself what kind and amount of information to reveal about own private life under the condition that such information can be announced just having the permit of the person. In such cases, when person's right of personal life inviolability is being defended, there is conflict of two equal constitutional values – the right of personal life inviolability and society's right to know, so it is important to look for wise and honest ballance of the two defended rights. On the other hand, each right and freedom has its edges, which are indicated in the laws in order to defend public interest and rights of other people. The right of personal life inviolability is expired, when there is need to stop a criminal action, defend rights of other persons and when society has to be defended from abuses of authority´s representatives.

Offences in private life are dayly occurrence. Public information means very often abuse their own rights and in impermissible ways struggle through private lives instead of presenting more information about personal life inviolability and its defence possibilities. This kind of situation has several backgrounds – first of all, after soviet period`s deprivation of individual lives and poor legal education of the society it is still felt that people are not used to defend their offenced rights, using all possibilities provoded by law; secondly, due to enourmous infomation technologies' development pace science of law cannot keep up properly analysing and evaluating newly appeared relations, so standarts of law solve practical problems just for a part. The information of the society requires high culture level, strong ethic and moral positions, respect to the values and moral norms, recognized on the country's, national and international levels. This is the sphere, where narrow private and group interests, wishes to apply and develop demoralizing show business "culture", abuse of ethic norms should not be acceptable. Freedom of the media is inseparatable from social and legal responsibility, because when standarts of law do not work, democraty suffers and human rights are downgraded. The essence of the right of personal life inviolability is the right to decide himself/herself what kind and amount of information to reveal about own private life under the condition that such information can be announced just having the permit of the person. In such cases, when person's right of personal life inviolability is being defended, there is conflict of two equal constitutional values – the right of personal life inviolability and society's right to know, so it is important to look for wise and honest ballance of the two defended rights. On the other hand, each right and freedom has its edges, which are indicated in the laws in order to defend public interest and rights of other people. The right of personal life inviolability is expired, when there is need to stop a criminal action, defend rights of other persons and when society has to be defended from abuses of authority´s representatives.

Active development of new media must be responded with clear and timely changes in legal regulation. The concept of information society media was introduced for the first time in 2006, when a new edition of the Law on provision of information to the public was adopted. The article reviews earlier legislation, systematically analyses Lithuanian legal regulation, and identifies practical problems. The article provides a structural analysis of information society media, which is based on its legal status, identifies weaknesses of the legal regulation and conceptual issues. Conclusions are made that different legal acts are not harmonised, there are conditions for collisions between legal norms, uniform explanation, and implementation of the legal norms is very difficult. ; Taikant istorinį metodą ir remiantis sistemine Lietuvos teisės aktų analize, straipsnyje nagrinėjamos praktinės teisinio reguliavimo problemos, iškilusios 2006 m. Visuomenės informavimo įstatyme įtvirtinus informacinės visuomenės informavimo priemonių sąvoką. Naujoji samprata buvo suformuota remiantis ankstesnėmis kategorijomis "masinės informacijos priemonės" (kaip Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje), "visuomenės informavimo priemonės" (kaip ankstesnėse Visuomenės informavimo įstatymo redakcijose), "elektroninės visuomenės informavimo priemonės" (kaip Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės 2003 metų nutarime Nr. 290 "Dėl viešo naudojimo kompiuterių tinkluose neskelbtinos informacijos kontrolės ir ribojamos viešosios informacijos platinimo tarkos patvirtinimo"), "elektroninė žiniasklaida" (kaip monografijoje "Žiniasklaidos teisė") arba "interneto žiniasklaida" (kaip Žurnalistų etikos inspektoriaus pranešimuose). Teisės aktuose vartojant skirtingas sąvokas susidariusios teisės normų kolizijos apsunkina įstatymų nuostatų aiškinimą ir taikymą, skatina teisinių ginčų atsiradimą. Tuo pat metu aktyvi naujųjų žiniasklaidos formų plėtra reikalauja teisinio reguliavimo aiškumo. Darbe nagrinėjami specifiniai informacinės visuomenės informavimo priemonių požymiai, savitas teisinis statusas, identifikuojamos teisinio reguliavimo spragos ir teikiamos rekomendacijos įstatymų leidėjui. Straipsnio išvadose rekomenduojama pakeisti ankstesnius teisės aktus, kurie nėra suderinti su 2006 m. Visuomenės informavimo įstatymo redakcija ir joje įtvirtinta informacinės visuomenės informavimo priemonės sąvoka. Taip pat konkrečios rekomendacijos teikiamos specifiniams teisinio reguliavimo klausimams – paslėptai reklamai identifikuoti, informacinės visuomenės informavimo priemonių savininkų pranešimams, jų bendrosioms pareigoms vykdyti.

After more than a decade of political independence it is interesting to study relationship between relatively free mass media and people's thinking and saying about the environment in the postcommunist society. In the following sections, social constructionist perspective is analyzed, research methods applied in the study are presented, and the results of public environmental perceptions and the data of environmental coverage in the main dailies in Lithuania are examined. At the end, the discussion of theoretical assumptions and empirical results follows. ; Ekologinių problemų atsiradimą dažniausiai nulemia žmogaus nesugebėjimas suvokti tikrųjų savo veiklos padarinių ir ne tik nesąmoningas, bet ir sąmoningas aplinkos teršimas ar gamtos žalojimas. Taigi aplinkos problemos yra socialinio elgesio padarinys ir suvokimo rezultatas. Šiuo atžvilgiu ekologinės problemos yra socialinės problemos. Tačiau tam, kad aplinkos užterštumas taptų visuomenės pripažinta socialine problema, būtinas viešumas (Luhmann 1988; Beck 1992) ir adekvati informacija, kurią operatyviausiai perduoda visuomenės informavimo priemonės. Žiniasklaida yra vienas iš svarbiausių visuomenės informatorių ekologijos ir aplinkosaugos temomis. Kita vertus, moderniajame socialiniame gyvenime tai vienintelis šaltinis, leidžiantis pažinti toli už mūsų kasdieninės patirties ribų egzistuojantį socialinės veiklos pasaulį. Taigi, kad žmonės susirūpintų ekologine situacija, žiniasklaidos priemonių pakankamas dėmesys šiai sričiai yra būtina sąlyga. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip aplinkosaugos problemos yra vertinamos visuomenėje bei kaip Lietuvos visuomenės informavimo priemonės, konkrečiai kalbant, spauda, skleidžia aplinkosauginę informaciją ir šitaip konstruoja aplinkosauginių problemų suvokimą visuomenėje.

We are concerned in day by day life whether something we see, hear and read can be trusted. All around the globe we can find tens of public opinion surveys that outline public trust in media in comparison with state public institutions. However, the comparison with other institutions gives us too limited view and no particular reasons of public to trust in media. Examining reasons of public trust in media solves current problematic approach. The objective of this paper is to identify practical and theoretical reasons that affect public trust in media. Hypothesis, that public trust in media is mainly dependent on media's content has been raised. Theoretical outline of this paper is supported by McQuail's theoretical approach which distinguishes four different forces that influence the media content. According to this, media and its content fall under economical, social and political pressures. While analyzing media within latter framework, media and society relationship, media's role in social life were examined. This gave a theoretical view of factors that influence media's content from the social perspective. Economical and political factors that influence media's content were analyzed using the same framework. When the theoretical analysis is done a public trust in media in Lithuania research was organized. In a survey of 149 respondents, relationship between trust in media and the relationship of attitudinal components was tested. Theoretical analysis supported by the results of the survey suggests that public trust in media is mainly dependent not only on media's ability to satisfy social, political and information needs, but also on individual's attitude towards the media content. In the end, paper can be used as a framework for more detailed analysis of public trust in media. To be exact, the practical analysis and the research on public's social, political and information needs with the support of this paper will give a comprehensive approach to public trust in media.

We are concerned in day by day life whether something we see, hear and read can be trusted. All around the globe we can find tens of public opinion surveys that outline public trust in media in comparison with state public institutions. However, the comparison with other institutions gives us too limited view and no particular reasons of public to trust in media. Examining reasons of public trust in media solves current problematic approach. The objective of this paper is to identify practical and theoretical reasons that affect public trust in media. Hypothesis, that public trust in media is mainly dependent on media's content has been raised. Theoretical outline of this paper is supported by McQuail's theoretical approach which distinguishes four different forces that influence the media content. According to this, media and its content fall under economical, social and political pressures. While analyzing media within latter framework, media and society relationship, media's role in social life were examined. This gave a theoretical view of factors that influence media's content from the social perspective. Economical and political factors that influence media's content were analyzed using the same framework. When the theoretical analysis is done a public trust in media in Lithuania research was organized. In a survey of 149 respondents, relationship between trust in media and the relationship of attitudinal components was tested. Theoretical analysis supported by the results of the survey suggests that public trust in media is mainly dependent not only on media's ability to satisfy social, political and information needs, but also on individual's attitude towards the media content. In the end, paper can be used as a framework for more detailed analysis of public trust in media. To be exact, the practical analysis and the research on public's social, political and information needs with the support of this paper will give a comprehensive approach to public trust in media.

We are concerned in day by day life whether something we see, hear and read can be trusted. All around the globe we can find tens of public opinion surveys that outline public trust in media in comparison with state public institutions. However, the comparison with other institutions gives us too limited view and no particular reasons of public to trust in media. Examining reasons of public trust in media solves current problematic approach. The objective of this paper is to identify practical and theoretical reasons that affect public trust in media. Hypothesis, that public trust in media is mainly dependent on media's content has been raised. Theoretical outline of this paper is supported by McQuail's theoretical approach which distinguishes four different forces that influence the media content. According to this, media and its content fall under economical, social and political pressures. While analyzing media within latter framework, media and society relationship, media's role in social life were examined. This gave a theoretical view of factors that influence media's content from the social perspective. Economical and political factors that influence media's content were analyzed using the same framework. When the theoretical analysis is done a public trust in media in Lithuania research was organized. In a survey of 149 respondents, relationship between trust in media and the relationship of attitudinal components was tested. Theoretical analysis supported by the results of the survey suggests that public trust in media is mainly dependent not only on media's ability to satisfy social, political and information needs, but also on individual's attitude towards the media content. In the end, paper can be used as a framework for more detailed analysis of public trust in media. To be exact, the practical analysis and the research on public's social, political and information needs with the support of this paper will give a comprehensive approach to public trust in media.

We are concerned in day by day life whether something we see, hear and read can be trusted. All around the globe we can find tens of public opinion surveys that outline public trust in media in comparison with state public institutions. However, the comparison with other institutions gives us too limited view and no particular reasons of public to trust in media. Examining reasons of public trust in media solves current problematic approach. The objective of this paper is to identify practical and theoretical reasons that affect public trust in media. Hypothesis, that public trust in media is mainly dependent on media's content has been raised. Theoretical outline of this paper is supported by McQuail's theoretical approach which distinguishes four different forces that influence the media content. According to this, media and its content fall under economical, social and political pressures. While analyzing media within latter framework, media and society relationship, media's role in social life were examined. This gave a theoretical view of factors that influence media's content from the social perspective. Economical and political factors that influence media's content were analyzed using the same framework. When the theoretical analysis is done a public trust in media in Lithuania research was organized. In a survey of 149 respondents, relationship between trust in media and the relationship of attitudinal components was tested. Theoretical analysis supported by the results of the survey suggests that public trust in media is mainly dependent not only on media's ability to satisfy social, political and information needs, but also on individual's attitude towards the media content. In the end, paper can be used as a framework for more detailed analysis of public trust in media. To be exact, the practical analysis and the research on public's social, political and information needs with the support of this paper will give a comprehensive approach to public trust in media.

Žiniasklaidos darbuotojų – žurnalistų kompetencija yra viena iš daugiausia diskusijų visuomenėje kelianti tema. Ir nors žurnalistus profesionalus rengia trys Lietuvos aukštosios universitetinės mokyklos: Vilniaus universitetas (bakalaurus ir magistrus), Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas (magistrus), Klaipėdos universitetas (bakalaurus), tačiau žiniasklaidos priemonių savininkai (darbdaviai), priimdami į darbą žurnalistą, jo profesiniam išsilavinimui kol kas nekelia jokių ypatingų reikalavimų. Kitaip tariant, žiniasklaidos priemonių savininkų interesus atstovaujantys asmenys savo darbuotojams nekelia tokių profesinių reikalavimų, kurių negalėtų įveikti bet kurią kitą profesiją turintis žmogus. Tai yra vienas iš atsakymų į dažnai visuomenėje girdimą klausimą, kodėl žurnalistai taip paviršutiniškai aprašo sudėtingas problemas, kodėl nesugeba ar nenori pažvelgti giliau nei skandalo purslų taškymas ir pačių skandalų ar intrigų vaikymasis. Kartu tai yra atsakymas tiems, kurie pliekia žurnalistus už jų nuolatinius bandymus surasti sensaciją ten, kur, žiūrint savo srities profesionalo akimis, tos sensacijos nėra. Tai galėtų būti atsakymas ir tiems, kurie pasigenda žurnalistų, atliekančių visuomenėje svarbią politinės komunikacijos – "sarginio šuns" funkciją, t.y. perspėjančio visuomenę apie numanomus pavojus ir teisės pažeidimus, nes šiandienos žurnalistas labiau linkęs laukti, kol tie pavojai pasireikš ir tik tuomet apie juos rašyti.Šio straipsnio tikslas – išnagrinėti profesionalaus žurnalisto kompetencijas ir gebėjimus, atlikus kiekybinį tyrimą – anketinę žurnalistų, dirbančių skirtingose visuomenės informavimo priemonėse apklausą, išsiaiškinti žiniasklaidos darbuotojams reikalingas kompetencijas ir gebėjimus bei nustatyti visuomenės informavimo priemonių savininkų/darbdavių bei auditorijos keliamus žurnalistinio profesionalumo reikalavimus.Straipsnio objektas – mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamos pagrindinės profesionalaus žurnalisto kompetencijos ir gebėjimai, reikalingi sėkmingam darbui visuomenės informavimo priemonėse bei skirtingose visuomenės informavimo priemonėse (internetiniame portale, laikraštyje, žurnale, naujienų agentūroje, radijuje ar televizijoje) dirbantys žurnalistai.Esminiai žodžiai: auditorija, darbdaviai, kokybė, profesiniai gebėjimai, visuomenės pasitikėjimas žurnalistais, tyrimas, žurnalisto kompetencija

Active development of new media must be responded with clear and timely changes in legal regulation. The concept of information society media was introduced for the first time in 2006, when a new edition of the Law on provision of information to the public was adopted. The article reviews earlier legislation, systematically analyses Lithuanian legal regulation, and identifies practical problems. The article provides a structural analysis of information society media, which is based on its legal status, identifies weaknesses of the legal regulation and conceptual issues. Conclusions are made that different legal acts are not harmonised, there are conditions for collisions between legal norms, uniform explanation, and implementation of the legal norms is very difficult.

Active development of new media must be responded with clear and timely changes in legal regulation. The concept of information society media was introduced for the first time in 2006, when a new edition of the Law on provision of information to the public was adopted. The article reviews earlier legislation, systematically analyses Lithuanian legal regulation, and identifies practical problems. The article provides a structural analysis of information society media, which is based on its legal status, identifies weaknesses of the legal regulation and conceptual issues. Conclusions are made that different legal acts are not harmonised, there are conditions for collisions between legal norms, uniform explanation, and implementation of the legal norms is very difficult.

The media's influence in shaping the reality and public opinion is as undeniable as ever. Although large media organizations have the responsibility to keep the population informed and aware of happenings that surround it, they also have in their disposition the ability to shape the news stories the way they see fit. The news media, often called the 4th branch of the government, is expected to deliver neutral, unbiased information regarding any topic that the media consumers deem as important. However, the role ideologies in day-to-day media operations cannot be ignored. In order to conduct a deeper analysis of how the media outlet's ideological stance affects the specifics of news reporting, the case of the portrayal of the George Floyd demonstrations that have gripped the United States in the summer of 2020 was selected. Therefore, the object of the master's thesis is the portrayal of the George Floyd protests in two ideologically contrasting large American news outlets, while the aim of the paper is to explore the ways different media outlets chose to report the 2020 US social unrest and to determine the dominant discourses in their news reporting. By conducting the analysis, a more comprehensive picture of the methods the media companies use to report the news appeared. To add to this, the specifics of the protest's depiction have illustrated the agendas of media outlets representing different ideological camps. It was ascertained that in accordance to the news organizations ideological stance, the coverage of the George Floyd unrest differed significantly – the differences in reporting the same news event raise certain questions about the role of the media as the deliverer of neutral, objective information. ; Žiniasklaidos įtaka formuojant realybę bei viešąją nuomonę yra nepaneigiama. Nors didžiosios visuomenės informavimo priemonės turi atsakomybę informuoti visuomenę apie įvairiausius vykstančius procesus, jos taip pat turi galimybę formuoti naujienų nušvietimą taip, kaip joms atrodo dera. Iš žiniasklaidos, kuri dažnai vadinama ketvirtąja valdžios šaka, įprastai tikimasi, kad ji žinių vartotojui pristatys neutralią, neangažuotą informacija bet kokiu žiniasklaidos vartotojui rūpimu klausimu. Kad ir kaip bebūtų, ideologijų vaidmuo kasdienėje žiniasklaidos veikloje negali būti ignoruojamas. Su tikslu atlikti gilesnę analizę, kuria būtų išsiaiškinta tam tikrų žiniasklaidos priemonių ideologinių nuostatų sąveika su tam tikrų naujienų nušvietimo specifika, buvo pasirinktas Džordžo Floido mirties įkvėptų demonstracijų Jungtinėse Valstijose nušvietimo žiniasklaidoje atvejis. Šio darbo objektas – Džordžo Floido protestų nušvietimas dviejose ideologiškai kontrastingose JAV žiniasklaidos priemonėse, tuo tarpu darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti būdus, kuriais dvi ideologiškai besiskiriančios visuomenės informavimo priemonės pasirėmė aprašant 2020 m. demonstracijas bei nustatyti dominuojančius jų diskursus. Atlikus analizę buvo išryškintas detalus paveikslas, kaip žiniasklaidos organizacijos pasirenka nušviesti tam tikrą problemą. Taip pat tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kaip protestų nušvietimo specifika susijusi su žiniasklaidos priemonių ideologinėmis nuostatomis - buvo nustatyta, skirtumai tarp protestų nušvietimo remiantis ideologiniais įsitikinimais yra itin ryškūs. Tai kelia klausimų dėl žiniasklaidos gebėjimo pateikti objektyvią informaciją. ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakultetas ; Viešosios komunikacijos katedra

The aim of the paper is to analyze the legal aspects of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues, to evaluate the completeness and quality of the websites of regional waste management centers and municipalities and to develop a web site for waste management issues. Methods of the work: descriptive analysis of the legislation, comparative analysis of educational material on the websites of regional waste management centers in Lithuania. Master's thesis describes the website (www.atliekos.visiems.lt) for waste management developed by the author. Alytus, Šiauliai, Tauragė, Telšiai, Kaunas regional waste management centers according to legislation must develop and implement public awareness programs on waste issues. According to the information provided, Lithuanian regional waste management centers, were grouped into four categories. Websites of Siauliai and Telsiai regional waste management centers are the most developed and complete among of all regional centers. The websites of the waste management centers of Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Tauragė, Utena were among those that mostly lacked comprehensiveness. The research revealed that in the websites of municipalities' there is no a separate column on municipal waste management system or information in such column is not complete. It was formulated 9 recommendations for the improvement of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the legal aspects of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues, to evaluate the completeness and quality of the websites of regional waste management centers and municipalities and to develop a web site for waste management issues. Methods of the work: descriptive analysis of the legislation, comparative analysis of educational material on the websites of regional waste management centers in Lithuania. Master's thesis describes the website (www.atliekos.visiems.lt) for waste management developed by the author. Alytus, Šiauliai, Tauragė, Telšiai, Kaunas regional waste management centers according to legislation must develop and implement public awareness programs on waste issues. According to the information provided, Lithuanian regional waste management centers, were grouped into four categories. Websites of Siauliai and Telsiai regional waste management centers are the most developed and complete among of all regional centers. The websites of the waste management centers of Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Tauragė, Utena were among those that mostly lacked comprehensiveness. The research revealed that in the websites of municipalities' there is no a separate column on municipal waste management system or information in such column is not complete. It was formulated 9 recommendations for the improvement of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the legal aspects of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues, to evaluate the completeness and quality of the websites of regional waste management centers and municipalities and to develop a web site for waste management issues. Methods of the work: descriptive analysis of the legislation, comparative analysis of educational material on the websites of regional waste management centers in Lithuania. Master's thesis describes the website (www.atliekos.visiems.lt) for waste management developed by the author. Alytus, Šiauliai, Tauragė, Telšiai, Kaunas regional waste management centers according to legislation must develop and implement public awareness programs on waste issues. According to the information provided, Lithuanian regional waste management centers, were grouped into four categories. Websites of Siauliai and Telsiai regional waste management centers are the most developed and complete among of all regional centers. The websites of the waste management centers of Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Tauragė, Utena were among those that mostly lacked comprehensiveness. The research revealed that in the websites of municipalities' there is no a separate column on municipal waste management system or information in such column is not complete. It was formulated 9 recommendations for the improvement of public environmental education and awareness rising on waste management issues.