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'Ending Violent Conflict' by Michael Renner is reviewed.

A review essay on a book by Hugh Miall, Oliver Ramsbotham, & Tom Woodhouse, Contemporary Conflict Resolution (Cambridge, MA: Polity, 1999). This is a positive assessment of what the author perceives to be a comprehensive & at times inspirational review of conflict resolution. A loose listing of its constructive aspects, including its extensive research & examples, is given. There is discussion of the book's citation of various methods & agencies involved in international conflict resolution. Milburn covers the book's exploration of significant figures in development of peaceful solutions. Also cited is the author's identification of modes for analyzing various violent & Cold War-related threats. There is discussion of the book's comparison of light & deep methods for prevention of international violence. The more complex role of would-be conflict resolvers in areas such as Kosovo & Albania is noted along with the actions needed for sustenance of peace. 13 References. M. C. Leary

This paper analyzes the distributive impacts of violent conflicts, which is in contrast to previous literature that has focused on the other direction. We use cross-country panel data for the time period 1960-2005 to estimate war-related changes in income inequality. Our results indicate rising levels of inequality during war and especially in the early period of post-war reconstruction. However, we find that this rise in income inequality is not permanent. While inequality peaks around five years after the end of a conflict, it declines again to pre-war levels within the end of the first post-war period. Lagged effects of conflict and only subsequent adjustments of redistributive policies in the period of post-war reconstruction seem to be valid explanations for these patterns of inequality. A series of alternative specifications confirms the main findings of the analysis.

This paper analyzes the distributive impacts of violent conflicts, which is in contrast to previous literature that has focused on the other direction. We use cross-country panel data for the time period 1960-2005 to estimate war-related changes in income inequality. Our results indicate rising levels of inequality during war and especially in the early period of post-war reconstruction. However, we find that this rise in income inequality is not permanent. While inequality peaks around five years after the end of a conflict, it declines again to pre-war levels within the end of the first post-war period. Lagged effects of conflict and only subsequent adjustments of redistributive policies in the period of post-war reconstruction seem to be valid explanations for these patterns of inequality. A series of alternative specifications confirms the main findings of the analysis.

Conflict management research has not often compared the effectiveness of different methods such as negotiation & mediation. Consequently, applying conflict management techniques to international disputes has sometimes been ad hoc & ineffectual. This article compares the effectiveness of negotiation & mediation in African conflict management in the period 1945 to 1995. Utilizing an original data set on cases of negotiation & mediation, the analysis indicates that, overall, bilateral negotiations are more successful than mediation. However, negotiation is difficult to initiate in cases of intense, intractable civil conflicts, & works best in cases of interstate disputes. Given that Africa's worst conflicts are all intense, long-running civil wars, improving the effectiveness of mediation in the region is a top priority. Adapted from the source document.

Conflict management research has not often compared the effectiveness of different methods such as negotiation and mediation. Consequently, applying conflict management techniques to international disputes has sometimesbeen ad hoc and ineffectual. This article compares the effectiveness of negotiation and mediation in African conflict management in the period 1945 to 1995. Utilizing an original data set on cases of negotiation and mediation, the analysis indicates that, overall, bilateral negotiations are more successful than mediation. However, negotiation is difficult to initiate in cases of intense, intractable civil conflicts, and works best in cases of interstate disputes. Given that Africa's worst conflicts are all intense, long‐running civil wars, improving the effectiveness of mediation in the region is a top priority.