Suchergebnisse

This article looks at the uneven mobility experiences of Eastern European (EE) undergraduate students within the European Union (EU) as a fundamental aspect of human intra-European mobility. It addresses the issue of student mobility by focusing on two samples of Romanian and Bulgarian undergraduates studying in the UK and Spain, after the EU enlargement towards the East. Based on 70 in-depth qualitative interviews, the study evaluates the motivations, experiences and expectations of students and their families in the context of life-course trajectories. I argue that the socio-economic situation of the country of origin, the different strategies used by EE students and their families, and the country they choose for study overseas – the UK or Spain – create uneven mobility and influence their future life-strategy mobility after graduation. The main thematic findings, that is, mobility as a platform for permanent migration and family reunification, uncertain mobility as a tool for competition, and mobility for return, show the relation between the reasons why students study overseas and subsequent mobility aspirations. The conclusions highlight the need to integrate mobile students into the study of mobility as pivotal actors in the global circuit of mobility who favour both host and origin societies. ; This article comes as a result of the research project entitled: 'Eastern European migration to Spain in the context of border geopolitics: circulatory mobility and return' (CSO 2010-14870), with funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and coordination by the author, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher 'Ramón y Cajal' (RYC 2009-03834) ; Peer reviewed

This text draws on national level datasets and advanced quantitative techniques to address the question of the rate of social mobility in Indian society. It underlines the fairly stable nature of Indian society, despite liberalization, and the critical role caste, class, gender and education play in this regard.

Although capitalist penetration results in a certain regional con vergence, uneven development does not disappear under advanced capitalist conditions. Two sources of geographic unevenness are spatial differentiation and capital mobility. Differentiation produces a spatial mosaic in which the pieces are neither equal, autonomous, nor properly considered "underdeveloped." Mobil ity of capital means that capital may use location as a strategy against labor, local development becomes more dependent on outside capital, development comes and goes over time("Boomtownism") and capital generates a permanent reserve of stagnant places — a lumpengeography of capital. These processes of uneven development are not principally owing to flows of surplus value but to the struc turing of places as use-values for capital, nor are the results particularly suscept ible to traditional regional development policies. Labor's appropriate strategies are several, but must be aimed at finding an alternative to capitalist development not toward a misguided effort to redress geographic differences.

This article examines the impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) upon the economies of Canada, the US, and Mexico, particularly regarding economic integration among the three nations. More specifically, the discussion is centered on the emergence of interactions among the three countries; how they have changed routines and the whole economic organization of production; and how these new patterns of trade, investment, and labor migration could affect the future of the region. Economic predictions for the impacts of NAFTA are discussed, and are then compared to the effects. It is concluded that the optimistic expectations that NAFTA would have created a virtuous circle of increased production and employment have not been fulfilled; that, considering the tremendous increase in mobility over the past decade, economists must consider how factor mobility affects growth; that the burden of adjustment has fallen on labor markets; and that governments must be aware of the need for strategic planning. Directions for further inquiry are suggested.

In this article, the author describes sweeping changes in the gender system and offers explanations for why change has been uneven. Because the devaluation of activities done by women has changed little, women have had strong incentive to enter male jobs, but men have had little incentive to take on female activities or jobs. The gender egalitarianism that gained traction was the notion that women should have access to upward mobility and to all areas of schooling and jobs. But persistent gender essentialism means that most people follow gender-typical paths except when upward mobility is impossible otherwise. Middle-class women entered managerial and professional jobs more than working-class women integrated blue-collar jobs because the latter were able to move up while choosing a "female" occupation; many mothers of middle-class women were already in the highest-status female occupations. The author also notes a number of gender-egalitarian trends that have stalled.

Uneven Urbanscape takes a new theoretically grounded view of how society produces and reproduces ethnoracial economic inequality. Drawing on empirically rich documentation and quantitative analysis utilizing multiple data sources, including the US Bureau of the Census, Ong and Gonzalez assess the patterns, causes, and consequences of urban spatial disparities, specifically in home ownership, employment, and education. They focus on the global city of Los Angeles in order to examine outcomes across small geographic units that approximate neighborhoods and places, and to analyze the location-specific effects of geographic access and isolation within the region. Using a mix of micro-level data and aggregated statistics, Uneven Urbanscape provides one of the most comprehensive understandings of urban ethnoracial disparities and inequalities from 1960 to the present day.

AbstractThis article explores the way overland mobility was transformed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, during "the age of speed." Beyond the already well-known caravan-to-car story, it argues that slow means of transportation such as caravans kept their own rationale and were instrumental in producing an economic geography that proved resilient in the face of the celebrated steam- or fuel-motorized means of accelerated mobility. Adopting the caravan traders and travelers' vantage and foregrounding their life stories offer new insights on the way rail and automobility were experienced and adopted in the post-Ottoman Middle East. Such experiences cast a different light on the global rechanneling process affecting the circulation of persons and merchandise across the region during the interwar period. Exploring the resilience of caravans in an uneven age of speed does not only illuminate the transnational geographies underpinned by the overlapping networks of both slower and faster mobilities. It also helps to understand the many dimensions of their gradual albeit very uneven demise.

Introducing Globalizationis a major textbook on globalization designed specifically for introductory courses, actively encouraging students to engage with the topic and develop informed opinions about controversial debates.Identifies and explores the major economic, political and social ties that comprise contemporary global interdependency Examines a broad sweep of topics, from the rise of transnational corporations and global commodity chains, to global health challenges and policies, to issues of worker solidarity and global labor markets, through to emerging forms of global mobility by both business elites and their criticsWritten by an award-winning teacher, and enhanced throughout by numerous empirical examples, maps, tables, an extended bibliography, glossary of key terms, and suggestions for further reading and student researchSupported by additional web resources – available upon publication at www.wiley.com/go/sparke– includinghot links to news reports, examples of globalization and other illustrative sites, and archived examples of student projects

"[L]abor-market reintegration is a complex and uneven process for return migrants." Sixth in a series on social mobility around the world.

"This book explores how bicycle infrastructure planning, once a fringe concern of progressive environmentalism, has become a key horizon of urban development. Using case studies from San Francisco, Oakland, Detroit, and Philadelphia, it shows how bicycling has been redefined as critical to the competitive 21st century city, reinscribing race and class inequalities in mobility in the process"--