Birth registration is not only a fundamental human right, but also a requirement for obtaining additional documents, proving legal identity, and accessing a number of government benefits. Yet, little is known about the effects of birth under-registration on access to health care. Using data from the Dominican Republic, this paper is the first to shed light on the causal impact of the lack of birth registration on childhood immunization, one of the key components of public services in many developing countries. Controlling for potential endogeneity and standard socioeconomic determinants of immunization, this paper finds that children between 0 and 59 months of age that do not have birth certificates are behind by nearly one vaccine (out of a total of nine) compared to those that have birth certificates. The results are robust to several robustness tests and threats to the exclusion restriction of the instrumental variables. Birth underregistration specifically reduces the probability of vaccination against polio, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus-once leading causes of child morbidity and infant mortality. In addition, untimely vaccination costs governments billions per year in treatment and rehabilitation.
The consulate underregistration represents one of the main problems for the proper observation and measurement of the statistics of the current Spanish emigration. Based on data from a survey conducted in 2012 to more than four thousand Spanish emigrants living abroad, we have tried to know the magnitude of underregistration and its impact on the official statistics. Our analyses show underregistration by about 50% among Spanish emigrants in the period 2008-2012. This data rises to nearly 60% among those who had emigrated to the European Union and 75% in the case of the UK. ; El subregistro consular representa uno de los principales problemas para la adecuada observación y medición estadística de la emigración española actual. Tomando como base los datos de una encuesta realizada en 2012 a más de cuatro mil emigrantes españoles residentes en el extranjero, se ha tratado de conocer las magnitudes del subregistro y sus efectos en las estadísticas oficiales. Los análisis realizados ponen en evidencia un subregistro en torno al 50% entre los emigrados españoles en el período 2008-2012. Esta cifra se eleva a cerca del 60% entre los que han tenido como destino la Unión Europea y del 75% en el caso del Reino Unido.
El subregistro consular representa uno de los principales problemas para la adecuada observación y medición estadística de la emigración española actual. Tomando como base los datos de una encuesta realizada en 2012 a más de cuatro mil emigrantes españoles residentes en el extranjero, se ha tratado de conocer las magnitudes del subregistro y sus efectos en las estadísticas oficiales. Los análisis realizados ponen en evidencia un subregistro en torno al 50% entre los emigrados españoles en el período 2008-2012. Esta cifra se eleva a cerca del 60% entre los que han tenido como destino la Unión Europea y del 75% en el caso del Reino Unido. ; The consulate underregistration represents one of the main problems for the proper observation and measurement of the statistics of the current Spanish emigration. Based on data from a survey conducted in 2012 to more than four thousand Spanish emigrants living abroad, we have tried to know the magnitude of underregistration and its impact on the official statistics. Our analyses show underregistration by about 50% among Spanish emigrants in the period 2008-2012. This data rises to nearly 60% among those who had emigrated to the European Union and 75% in the case of the UK.
El subregistro consular representa uno de los principales problemas para la adecuada observación y medición estadística de la emigración española actual. Tomando como base los datos de una encuesta realizada en 2012 a más de cuatro mil emigrantes españoles residentes en el extranjero, se ha tratado de conocer las magnitudes del subregistro y sus efectos en las estadísticas oficiales. Los análisis realizados ponen en evidencia un subregistro en torno al 50% entre los emigrados españoles en el período 2008-2012. Esta cifra se eleva a cerca del 60% entre los que han tenido como destino la Unión Europea y del 75% en el caso del Reino Unido. ; The consulate underregistration represents one of the main problems for the proper observation and measurement of the statistics of the current Spanish emigration. Based on data from a survey conducted in 2012 to more than four thousand Spanish emigrants living abroad, we have tried to know the magnitude of underregistration and its impact on the official statistics. Our analyses show underregistration by about 50% among Spanish emigrants in the period 2008-2012. This data rises to nearly 60% among those who had emigrated to the European Union and 75% in the case of the UK. ; Este trabajo constituye un resultado del Proyecto de Investigación "Movilidad Humana, con especial énfasis en las migraciones de España y Ecuador" (coordinado por Juan Manuel Romero Valiente), que forma parte del Proyecto de Cooperación Interuniversitaria FIUCUHU que se desarrolla entre la Universidad de Huelva (España) y la Universidad de Cuenca (Ecuador) bajo el auspicio de la Agencia Andaluza de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo (AACID).
This article reports the experimental evaluation of registry error of in‐service residential water meters and the effects of service time (ST) and volumetric throughput (TP). Nutating disc (ND) meters (413 total, consisting of two models) from a single water system were tested ex situ following AWWA‐recommended test flow rates (TQs). The meters sampled encompassed a range of ST (2–53 years) and TP (0.01–7.65 mil gal). Mean registration error (RE) at TQ ≤ 0.5 gpm was significantly greater for ST > 25 years, independent of TP. Mean RE at TQ = 0.25 gpm was −46.5% and −35.0% for meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively. Severe underregistration (RE < −90%) at TQ = 0.25 gpm was observed in 41% and 24% of meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively.
Objective: The proportion of ill-defined causes of death (IDCD) was persistently high in some regions of Brazil in 2004. In 2005, the Brazilian government implemented a project in order to decrease this proportion, especially in higher priority states and municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of this project in Alagoas — a state from the Northeast region of Brazil. Method: We selected a probabilistic sample of 18 municipalities. For all IDCD identified in 2010, we collected the verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaires used for home investigation, and the Ministry of Health (MoH) form, which contains information about the final disease and cause of death taken from hospital records, autopsies, family health teams, and civil registry office records. The completion rate of the MoH form and VA was calculated using the number of deaths with specific causes assigned among investigated deaths. Results: A total of 681 IDCD were recorded in 2010 in the sample, of which 26% had a MoH and/or VA3 forms completed. Although the majority of cases were attended by health professionals during the terminal disease, the completion rate was 45% using the MoH form and 80% when VA was performed. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that the training of the epidemiological surveillance teams in the investigation and certification of causes of death could contribute to improve the quality of mortality data. ; Introdução: Em 2004, a proporção de óbitos por causas mal definidas (CMD) mantinha-se persistentemente elevada em algumas regiões do Brasil. Em 2005, o Ministério da Saúde implementou o programa Redução do percentual de óbitos por causas mal definidas para diminuir essa proporção, especialmente em estados e municípios considerados prioritários. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho desse programa em Alagoas — estado da região Nordeste. Método: Foi selecionada amostra probabilística de 18 municípios e identificadas todas as CMD em 2010. Foram analisados os formulários de autópsia verbal (AV) utilizados para investigação domiciliar e o denominado Investigação do Óbito com Causa Mal Definida (IOCMD), que contém informações sobre a doença final e a causa de morte, obtidas de registros hospitalares, autópsias, equipes de saúde da família e cartórios. Analisou-se também a completude de preenchimento dos formulários e a proporção de óbitos por CMD com causas básicas reclassificadas após investigação. Resultados: Foram identificados 681 óbitos por CMD, dos quais 26% tinham sido investigados com uso do IOCMD e/ou AV3. Embora a maioria dos casos tenha sido atendida por profissionais de saúde durante a doença terminal, a proporção de reclassificação de CMD para causa definida foi de 45% com utilização do formulário IOCMD e de 80% quando a AV3 foi realizada. Conclusões: Nossos resultados fornecem evidências de que o treinamento da equipe de vigilância epidemiológica na investigação e certificação de causas de morte poderia contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos dados de mortalidade.
