Suchergebnisse

Cooperation between neighboring countries, Polish and Ukraine has a rich history. If you want to talk about the cooperation of local government units between the two countries you must also make a comparison of the legal systemsof both countries in this field. The aim of the article is therefore the analysis of the legislation governing the functioning of local government units in the crossborder cooperation and also attempt to compare them and draw conclusions andassessment of cooperation between local Polish and Ukrainian .

The cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian partner cities has changed significantly since the beginning of the war in Ukraine in 2022. Traditional widely spread cultural programmes and projects were displaced by humanitarian assistance. Ukrainian cities (authorities) and the entire Ukrainian society affected by the war received the support mostly from Poland. The following research shows how cooperation between Polish-Ukrainian partner cities has changed in terms of law, areas of cooperation, the geography of the expanded partnership, and forms and types of assistance since 24 February 2022. Selected examples of partnership cooperation between Ukrainian-Polish cities are analysed taking account of a significant number of initiatives and programmes.

The following paper summarises Polish experience related to current cross-border cooperation in the scope of spatial planning. The first part presents the legal basis of cross-border cooperation and strategic-planning documents developed so far. The second part focuses on cooperation with the Ukrainian side, both at the level of state administration and working groups developing elaborations for both parts of the border region. It includes a detailed description of the development of one of them — the map of investment projects of the Polish part of the Polish-Ukrainian border region. It presents the scope of works, manner of preparing the maps and the text, and results of the works.

The fact that Poland and Ukraine share a border, the convergence of the political goals of the peoples of both countries, and the constant efforts towards the development of democracy and decentralisation of public life determine the need to intensify cooperation in various areas of the functioning of society and the economy. An important sphere of cooperation is the public sector, in particular at the level of local government. The local government cooperation of both countries was already visible at the beginning of the social and political transformations after 1990. The development of this cooperation, with varying results, took place in the 1990s and, to an even greater extent, after Poland's accession to the European Union. In the last three decades, local and regional communities in Ukraine have become an important partner for Polish local governments, both at the local and regional levels. The local government cooperation that has been implemented is based on the diversification and multidimensionality of forms and models. Some result from legal regulations, while others are based on mutual experiences, previous contacts, and sympathies of public authorities. The aim of the study is to analyse and present the conditions and forms of Polish-Ukrainian local government cooperation. The aim is also to show the barriers to cooperation and to define proposed solutions to improve partner contacts of territorial units. The local government cooperation of the two countries is undoubtedly hindered by the fact that Ukraine is not a member of the EU, and often by mutual misunderstanding and non-acceptance of historical experiences. On the other hand, common goals at different levels of social, public, and economic life are a significant factor motivating parties to increase cooperation and achieve a synergistic effect thanks to it.

The previous model of the Polish-Ukrainian relations has come to an end, while the new one is in the phase of statu nascendi. The fundamental contradiction of the basic interests of Kiev and Warsaw has worked out and is still relevant up to date. While Ukraine is looking for ways to integrate with the EU and needs a strong Europe, putting on Paris and Berlin, and thus ipso facto focusing on strengthening the European community, Poland has entered the path of euro-skepticism and quasi-Jagiellonian policy. The concept of a good change has triggered the most serious reorientation in foreign policy of Poland over the last quarter of a century. The amazement of the outside observers, also in Ukraine, might be aroused by the fact that Polish Eastern policy has been pursued by the same circle of experts under the previous government of the PO–PSL coalition as well as under the current government of the PiS-led united right. After several years of the right-wing rule the Ukrainian analysts see the growing degradation process of Poland's significance in Europe, its increasing confrontational tendencies towards countries outside the European Union, including relations with Ukraine. Primarily, it is a political dimension, though, it can be perceived also as a symbolic dimension and symbols mean a lot in politics. Key words: Poland; Ukraine; European Union; NATO; United States of America; Russian Federation; Intermarium; Germany.

The common Ukrainian-Polish projects have been implemented to facilitate integration into the European Union are presented in the article. The role of Poland in the exchange of European integration experience with Ukraine, as well as assistance in the Polish and international structures are shown. The attention is paid to the cooperation of social organizations, educational institutions and local governments of Ukraine and Poland in the field of experience exchange. ; The common Ukrainian-Polish projects have been implemented to facilitate integration into the European Union are presented in the article. The role of Poland in the exchange of European integration experience with Ukraine, as well as assistance in the Polish and international structures are shown. The attention is paid to the cooperation of social organizations, educational institutions and local governments of Ukraine and Poland in the field of experience exchange.

The common Ukrainian-Polish projects have been implemented to facilitate integration into the European Union are presented in the article. The role of Poland in the exchange of European integration experience with Ukraine, as well as assistance in the Polish and international structures are shown. The attention is paid to the cooperation of social organizations, educational institutions and local governments of Ukraine and Poland in the field of experience exchange. ; The common Ukrainian-Polish projects have been implemented to facilitate integration into the European Union are presented in the article. The role of Poland in the exchange of European integration experience with Ukraine, as well as assistance in the Polish and international structures are shown. The attention is paid to the cooperation of social organizations, educational institutions and local governments of Ukraine and Poland in the field of experience exchange.

Polen und die Ukraine stehen kurz vor dem Abschluß eines Vertrages über Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Vorgeschichte des Vertrages vor dem Hintergrund der polnischen West- und Ostpolitik und geht insbesondere auf die Auswirkung der polnisch-ukrainischen Zusammenarbeit auf die polnisch-russischen Beziehungen ein. (BIOst-Srt)

The part of Volyn region in the Polish-Ukrainian cooperation is analyzed in the article. The development of bilateral contacts between the Volyn and the neighboring province of Poland, as well as multilateral cooperation through the relevant European programs, especially in the framework of the Euroregion "Bug" are shown. The development of economic, educational, scientific collaboration, cooperation between public authorities of Volyn region and Poland are investigated. ; The part of Volyn region in the Polish-Ukrainian cooperation is analyzed in the article. The development of bilateral contacts between the Volyn and the neighboring province of Poland, as well as multilateral cooperation through the relevant European programs, especially in the framework of the Euroregion "Bug" are shown. The development of economic, educational, scientific collaboration, cooperation between public authorities of Volyn region and Poland are investigated.

Polish public diplomacy is a multilateral instrument of foreign policy, which represents Poland's soft power. Numerous and developed Poland's public diplomacy activities are in post-Soviet states, especially in Ukraine. This country plays a specific and important role in Poland's foreign policy. The main fields of Poland's public diplomacy in Ukraine are those connected with cultural, scientific and educational, as well as development aid issues. Apart from them, there is another field that is less addressed and studied by scholars – cooperation between partner cities. Such a field could be presented and examined separately in the frameworks of 'city diplomacy' and as a part of public diplomacy as well. This article presents an analysis of Polish-Ukrainian partner cities cooperation, using public diplomacy as a tool for establishing mutual understanding between people.

The study addresses the issue of the positions of political parties in Poland on eastern policy, in particular on Polish-Ukrainian cooperation. Therefore, an attempt was made to answer questions about the historical background of these views, the impact of international and internal situation in Poland and Ukraine. The subject of the analysis was the issues of economic relations, views on the European integration of Ukraine, the relevance of historical issues in the programs and decisions of political parties from the early 1990s to 2023.

Military cooperation is an important part of international relations, alongside diplomatic, economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation. The invitation to the "joint soldier's table" brings armies together, giving them the opportunity to get to know each other. The military cooperation makes it possible to compare the structural arrangement of the armed forces, the training process, military equipment, and training experience. It is also an opportunity to learn about the latest trends in the development of combat technology. Due to it, the risk of an outbreak of open armed conflict significantly decreases, which contributes to strengthening international security. The military cooperation is a very important element of international security because "mature" states see in this form of contact both their interests and the interests of the partners. The history and traditions of Polish-Ukrainian military contacts are as long as the relations between the two nations. Intensive military cooperation dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. Its basis was the pursuit of military development of the Cossacks, which are a paramilitary form of self-organization of the local society. The next chapter of Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation began shortly after the end of World War I. While analyzing the political and military situation, the Polish state authorities noticed Ukraine's significance for the future balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and its impact on Poland's security in the East. That was of particular importance in the context of the growing threat from Bolshevik Russia. The arrangements made on 14 January 1992 during the visit of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Colonel-General Konstantin Morozov. In formal terms, the legal basis for cooperation was the Kyiv Agreement between the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of Poland and the Minister of Defense of Ukraine on cooperation in the military field which was signed on 3 February 1993. ; W ramach stosunków międzynarodowych obok międzynarodowej współpracy politycznej, ekonomicznej, kulturalnej czy ekologicznej coraz częściej podejmowana jest także współpraca wojskowa. Zaproszenie do "wspólnego żołnierskiego stołu" zbliża armie, dając zarazem możliwość wzajemnego poznania. Współpraca wojskowa umożliwia porównanie strukturalnego układu sił zbrojnych, procesu szkolenia, wyposażenia wojskowego oraz wymianę doświadczeń szkoleniowych. Jest też okazją do zapoznania się z najnowszymi trendami rozwojowymi techniki bojowej. Dzięki niej znacznie spada ryzyko wybuchu otwartych konfliktów zbrojnych, co przyczynia się do umocnienia bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Współpraca wojskowa jest bardzo ważnym elementem bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, ponieważ "dojrzałe" państwa dostrzegają w tej formie kontaktów zarówno interesy własne, jak i interesy swoich partnerów. Historia i tradycje polsko-ukraińskich kontaktów wojskowych są równie bogate jak relacje między oboma narodami. Intensywna współpraca wojskowa swoimi początkami sięga połowy XVI wieku. Jej podstawą było dążenie do militarnego zagospodarowania Kozaków, będących paramilitarną formą samoorganizacji miejscowego społeczeństwa. Kolejny rozdział polskoukraińskiej współpracy wojskowej rozpoczął się tuż po zakończeniu I wojny światowej. Polskie władze państwowe, analizując sytuację polityczno-militarną, od samego początku dostrzegały znaczenie Ukrainy dla przyszłego układu sił w Europie oraz jej wpływ na bezpieczeństwo Polski na wschodzie. Miało to szczególne znaczenie w kontekście rosnącego zagrożenia ze strony bolszewickiej Rosji. Za początek kontaktów wojskowych z niepodległą Ukrainą należy uznać ustalenia poczynione 14 stycznia 1992 r. w trakcie wizyty w Polsce ministra obrony Ukrainy gen. płk. Konstantina Morozowa. Pod względem formalnym prawną podstawą współpracy stało się podpisane 3 lutego 1993 r. w Kijowie Porozumienie między Ministrem Obrony Narodowej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a Ministrem Obrony Ukrainy o współpracy w dziedzinie wojskowej.