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Abstract
Three levels of trust as a social psychological construct are delineated: trust in a specific person (relational trust), trust in people in general (generalised trust) and trust in abstract systems. Whereas much research is available on relational trust and generalized trust, much less is known about trust in systems. From theory and research several assumptions are derived which are related to the development of trust in the Internet. For example, the reliability of information technology is assumed to be directly related to the development of trust in the Internet. In addition, it is assumed that in situations in which it is hard to verify the justification for trust, people construct subjective beliefs which represent a transformation of relational trust into system trust. Applications of these assumptions for strengthening the trustworthiness of the Internet are discussed.

Combining economic, social-psychological and sociological approaches to trust, this book provides a general theoretical framework to causally explain conditional and unconditional trust; it also presents an experimental test of the corresponding integrative model and its predictions. Broadly, it aims at advancing a cognitive turn in trust research by highlighting the importance of (1) an actor's context-dependent definition of the situation and (2) the flexible and dynamic degree of rationality involved. In essence, trust is as "multi-faceted" as there are cognitive routes that take us to the choice of a trusting act. Therefore, variable rationality has to be incorporated as an orthogonal dimension to the typological space of trust. The theory presents an analytically tractable model; the empirical test combines trust games, high- and low-incentive conditions, framing manipulations, and psychometric measurements, and is complemented by decision-time analyses.

The insights of social psychology are not thoroughly integrated into international relations theory, yet social psychology has much to offer. Social psychology provides a conceptualization of a number of varieties of trust moralistic, strategic, and generalized and their opposites that implicitly drive the logic of major works of international relations. It also reveals the empirical presence of a number of different types of trusters who make different assumptions about the trustworthiness of others and consequently show markedly different propensities towards cooperation. The rough correspondence between these different 'social orientations' and the logics of the three approaches of structural realism, neoliberal institutionalism, and constructivism suggest that individuals carry a crude paradigm in their minds. Metatheoretically, the implication for international relations theory is that scholars capture a part but not the totality of world politics, the behavior of those who trust (or do not trust) in a particular way that matches the logic of their paradigms. Theoretically it suggests a research agenda at multiple levels of analysis, utilizing all of the types of trust and trusters. I review the work of others that offers some preliminary evidence for its plausibility, suggest some hypotheses of my own, and address potential theoretical objections. Adapted from the source document.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction /Masamichi Sasaki and Robert M. Marsh -- The Dynamics of Trust: Communication, Action and Third Parties /Bart Nooteboom -- Structures of Trust: Britain and Russia Compared /Geoffrey Hosking -- Trust, Diversity, and Segregation in the United States and the United Kingdom /Eric M. Uslaner -- Distrust and Mistrust in a High Trust Environment /Morten Frederiksen -- Do Not Trust Strangers — How Parents Shape the Generalized Trust of Their Children /Laura Nishikawa and Dietland Stolle -- Pragmatic Trust in a World of Strangers: Trustworthy Actions /Andrew J. Weigert -- Trust, Tolerance and the Challenge of Difference /Adam B. Seligman -- Trust: Acceptance of, Precaution against and Cause of Vulnerability /Barbara A. Misztal -- Trust Working in Interpersonal Relationships: A Comparative Cultural Perspective with a Focus on East Asian Culture /Gyuseog Han and Sang-Chin Choi -- Self at the Heart of Trust: The Global Relevance of an Interactionist Understanding of Trust as a Form of Association /Linda R. Weber -- Reconstruction of Trust on a Cultural Manifold: Sense of Trust in Longitudinal and Cross-national Surveys of National Character /Ryozo Yoshino -- Cross-National Studies of Trust among Seven Nations /Masamichi Sasaki -- Index.

Despite significant theoretical work over the past decade, the phenomenon of trust and the process of its development in managerial relationships remain elusive in theory and practice. This paper revisits theories that frame trust development in order to explore the development of trust in the specific social context of managerial relationships. Managerial relationships are often characterised by politics and the pursuit of hidden agendas and self‐interest. Competing perspectives and personal motivations can conspire to render even the most innocent of acts subject to scrutiny and suspicion. In these senses, high levels of trust are not commensurate with ideal conditions for managerial effectiveness. Examines the realistic possibilities for trust development set in the context of managerial relationships, and in the process of this analysis, creates a set of propositions that could inform further theory development and empirical investigation of the area.

Turkey has been ruled by a secular and democratic government since 1923 under the name of 'the Republic of Turkey'. In this rarely examined culture, we tested the effects of political trust (PT), social values (SV), system justification (SJ) and social dominance orientation (SDO) on university students' intention of voting before the June 2015 election. Depending on the theory of planned behavior and the cognitive hierarchy model of human behavior, it is conceptualized that SV, SJ and SDO are placed higher in cognitive structure than PT, therefore PT would mediate the relations between those cognitions and the intention of voting. 284 university students completed the following questionnaires: PVQ-R, Political Trust, Social Dominance Orientation, and System Justification Scales, in addition to intention of voting, and demographics. Results show that conservation and social dominance orientation was positively related to the intention of voting for MHP and openness to change and system justification was positively related to intention of voting for AKP. When we tested the role of mediation for PT; we have found extensive evidence that, the relationships between SV (i.e. openness to change), SJ, and SDO and intention of voting for AKP and MHP were significantly mediated by PT. Ideological differences between and within left and right wing parties in Turkey were discussed to explain the results. © 2019, Florida Gulf Coast University. All rights reserved.

Different forms of trust in the contemporary organizational settings of virtual organizations and time management (e.g., just‐in‐time, lean production, and total quality management) are discussed in conjunction with some Greek philosophical notions of human action, namelytheoria/episteme,poiesis/techne, andpraxis/phronesis, together with the two notions of time,chronos/kairosand their spatial counterparts,chora/topos. It is suggested that time management concepts in production line settings are frequently based upon asymmetric power‐relations and rigid time‐control making most forms of organizational trust instrumental and/or weak. Virtual organization settings, on the other hand, are more likely to contain trust that appears to be fragile and temporal, and in demand of communication based on right moments to act judiciously.