Suchergebnisse

Part 2: eParticipation Implementations ; International audience ; Previous political sciences research has highlighted the importance of both 'democracy' (democratic processes and consultation with stakeholder groups) and 'technocracy' (specialized knowledge of experts) as main foundations for the development of effective public policies, and the need for balance as well as interaction between them. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for supporting this exchange can be highly beneficial. Our paper makes a contribution in this direction, by evaluating an ICT-based 'expert-sourcing' method that has been developed for supporting the transfer of knowledge from 'technocracy' (i.e. knowledgeable experts) to 'democracy' (i.e. participants of the democratic processes, such as citizens' representatives, elected officials and various public policies' stakeholder groups). This method exploits policy-related content that has already been published by experts in numerous social media, adopting a selective approach (filtering this content in order to extract the highest quality parts of it that have been authored by the most knowledgeable experts) based on reputation management techniques. From the evaluation of this ICT-based 'expert-sourcing' method useful conclusions have been drawn concerning its strengths and weaknesses, as well as directions for the improvement of it and the enhancement of its value.

Les thèmes d'authoritarisme bureaucratique servent à expliquer les changements dans l'organisation de la production au Brésil, et l'émergence en conséquence, de nouveaux groupes sociaux et relations de classes. Cet article trace l'impacte du développement économique au Brésil sur la croissance et l'organisation des populations urbaines. Les phases des contrôles sur l'importation qui étaient le véhicule pour l'industrialisation urbaine dépendaient d'un transfer du capital de l'agriculture à l'industrie, du consommateur au producteur, négocié à travers une politique de taux d'échanges et de protection commerciale et d'inflation. Ce développement était associé avec l'incorporation limité d'une classe ouvrière et urbaine croissante dans la structure émergeante de l'état. Cependant, l'éffondrement des contrôles sur l'importation et le développement de l'intervention de l'état et des investissements étrangers créerent le fondement de l'exclusion des revendications économiques et politiques des populations urbaines. Le raisonnement est que cette téchnocracie, produit de ces interventions et investissements, articula à la fois cette exclusion et son intérêt dans l'établissement et l'extension d'un contexte bureaucratique corporatif. Le résultat a été non seulement la suppression directe des revendications populaires, mais aussi l'exclusion de toute impulsion pour un nouveau model économique. Cet article termine en proposant qu'une analyse plus poussée devrait se concentrer plutôt sur les structures et processus organisationnels que sur les intérêts de rôles téchnocratiques particuliers.

Public policies designed to advance governance reform without the corresponding legal frameworks that secure democratic values can exacerbate the power imbalance between the government and the policies' targets. This article discusses India's post-liberalization changes through the governance paradigms of New Public Management and technocracy. Using the case of Direct Benefits Transfer reform, it traces the emergence of technocracy as a governance paradigm. It discusses the implications of technocracy's complementarity with contemporary populism for the restructuring of social citizenship. It makes a case for a neo-Weberian transformation through a renewed commitment to a legal approach to public administration in order to reinforce the public's faith in the role of the administrative state as an instrument of emancipation and social progress. Points for practitioners Public administration, especially in non-Western contexts, is characterized by the prioritization of managerial innovations in government over the establishment of legal frameworks. In that context, this article illustrates two central points for practitioners: • The powers of delegated legislation should be exercised transparently and by establishing a clear relationship to the formally stated policy objectives. • The operations of the administrative state should be structured in order to advance the goals of both distributive and procedural justice.

In this essay I will examine technological utopias, in which scientists and technocratic experts wield the power of knowledge and planning in order to produce a harmonious social order in which conflict has been eliminated (examples are Bacon's New Atlantis, as well as the various Enlightenment utopias of authors such as Condorcet). I argue that one of the central problems with technological utopias is that they transfer decision-making/organizational authority and power over to experts who implicitly presuppose a monistic and quasi-utilitarian conception of the good. Following Berlin, I contend that the irreconcilable conflict of certain core values inevitably undoes any attempt to definitively resolve social antagonisms using scientific/technological means.

The moral philosophy of management and the effects of the dominating doctrines in public policy and decision making, in wider terms means to question what kind of relations, once applied, these doctrines and strategies created between state, groups and individual rights. The EU accession of Southeast Europe countries represents a unique chance to understand the real capability and superiority of technocratic solution, as a dominating doctrine in accession processes, exerted in situations of limited capacities in decision making, lack of established democratic institution, which presume weak capabilities in setting up long term strategies. A unique chance to test the real value of the so-called cold and rational solutions in public decision making. In this case the trade off is between the kind of society this political and managerial doctrine creates, how much the interests of those who mandates the "technocratic power" by the power transfer process are still in balance or under consideration.

The moral philosophy of management and the effects of the dominating doctrines in public policy and decision making, in wider terms means to question what kind of relations, once applied, these doctrines and strategies created between state, groups and individual rights. The EU accession of Southeast Europe countries represents a unique chance to understand the real capability and superiority of technocratic solution, as a dominating doctrine in accession processes, exerted in situations of limited capacities in decision making, lack of established democratic institution, which presume weak capabilities in setting up long term strategies. A unique chance to test the real value of the so-called cold and rational solutions in public decision making. In this case the trade off is between the kind of society this political and managerial doctrine creates, how much the interests of those who mandates the "technocratic power" by the power transfer process are still in balance or under consideration.

The university, insofar as its main objective is the generation of knowledge, is constantly in a state of crisis. However, it is currently in an uncritical period regarding the power dynamics that have shaped its development in the last century. In this text, bureaucracy and technocracy are analyzed as control structures that determine the university in their own designs. From the acquisition of various functions outside its original objective, and from the transfer of legitimacy to other external bodies, the university has uncritically adopted an imposition of meaning that gradually leads to irrelevance. Only critical reflection and the unconditional search for truth can restore it to the central place it deserves in modern societies.

"This report builds on the long-term strategic framework of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program to operationalize economic corridor development (ECD) in the Central Asia region. Its two objectives are to (i) customize the ECD concept to the unique context of the region, and (ii) identify specific areas where ECD may be piloted. The study provides a detailed but preliminary exploration of a specific segment of CAREC Corridor 1—the Almaty–Bishkek Corridor—to assess its potential as a pilot for ECD, and outlines steps to be taken over the next 12 months to develop this corridor."

"This report builds on the long-term strategic framework of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program to operationalize economic corridor development (ECD) in the Central Asia region. Its two objectives are to (i) customize the ECD concept to the unique context of the region, and (ii) identify specific areas where ECD may be piloted. The study provides a detailed but preliminary exploration of a specific segment of CAREC Corridor 1—the Almaty–Bishkek Corridor—to assess its potential as a pilot for ECD, and outlines steps to be taken over the next 12 months to develop this corridor."

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation Program is aimed at promoting closer economic ties and cooperation and improving the quality of life in the subregion by emphasizing the "3 Cs": connectivity, competitiveness, and community. Human resource development (HRD), with its potential to enhance competitiveness, increase returns on physical connectivity, and build a sense of community, is one of the five strategic areas of cooperation under the program. HRD covers the four subsectors of education and skills development, health, labor and migration, and social development. This document sets out the regional HRD challenges and opportunities for cooperation and outlines the first GMS HRD Strategic Framework and Action Plan. The Action Plan 2009–2012 reflects the priorities presented in the Strategic Framework with a clear focus on regional HRD issues that require regional solutions.

"This reports the result of an investigation into the social, economic, political, and institutional factors that encourage or impede inclusive economic development in Kiribati and hamper the capacity development needed to overcome obstacles to that development. Much of the information on which this report is based was collected in discussions in South Tarawa in January and April 2007. The institutional analysis and development framework of Ostrom et al. (2001) served as the analytical framework for the investigation. This framework, which was developed by researchers from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University in the United States, is an effective way to explain group behavior that influences a country's economic development."

"After two impressively peaceful decades, there are signs of a dangerous degree of complacency in Kiribati's view of its domestic and external affairs. Forms of cultural and political resistance to change have thus been encouraged, and these are handicapping the nation's response to development risks. Eight leading sources of development risk confronting Kiribati are identified, and these require understanding and appropriate responses in the form of well-formulated national development strategies. Based on a thorough assessment of risks, priorities, and options by sector in the main report, 16 policy actions are recommended as keys to the full range of responses that need to be formulated to cope with development risk."

"This reports the result of an investigation into the social, economic, political, and institutional factors that encourage or impede inclusive economic development in Kiribati and hamper the capacity development needed to overcome obstacles to that development. Much of the information on which this report is based was collected in discussions in South Tarawa in January and April 2007. The institutional analysis and development framework of Ostrom et al. (2001) served as the analytical framework for the investigation. This framework, which was developed by researchers from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University in the United States, is an effective way to explain group behavior that influences a country's economic development."

"After two impressively peaceful decades, there are signs of a dangerous degree of complacency in Kiribati's view of its domestic and external affairs. Forms of cultural and political resistance to change have thus been encouraged, and these are handicapping the nation's response to development risks. Eight leading sources of development risk confronting Kiribati are identified, and these require understanding and appropriate responses in the form of well-formulated national development strategies. Based on a thorough assessment of risks, priorities, and options by sector in the main report, 16 policy actions are recommended as keys to the full range of responses that need to be formulated to cope with development risk."