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The philosopher, essayist, poet and novelist George Santayana once said: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." The past has three lessons to offer from events that occurred 50, 15 and 5 years ago. Adapted from the source document.

- Wettbewerb + - Sozialismus, Warenproduktion und Markt + Plan, Markt, Unternehmertum und Eigentum an den Produktionsmitteln in der Konzeption eines sozialistischen Wirtschaftssystems bei Tibor Liska. Deskriptiv-zusammenfassende Darstellung ihrer Grundzüge und ihrer Aufnahme in Ungarn. + BIOst/Hat. + - Liskas "Unternehmersozialismus" + - Die Unternehmungen + - Preisbildung + - Die Rezeption Liskas in Ungarn + - Eigentum an den Produktionsmitteln + - Die Diskussionen der ungarischen Ökonomen + Stichwortauswahl

Zsfassungen überw. engl., teilw. ungar.

Expanded judicial review of awards after hall street and in comparative perspective / John J. Barceló III -- Tibor Várady's advocacy before the International Court of Justice / David J. Bederman -- From "real seat" to "legal seat" : Germany's private international company law revolution / Peter Behrens -- The impact of community law on the determination of the personal law of companies / László Burián -- Public law, "ordre public" and arbitration : a procedural scenario and a suggestion / Richard M. Buxbaum -- Forging American arbitration policy : judicial interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act / Richard D. Freer -- The decline of free thinking / Guy Haarscher -- Questions of arbitration and the case law of the European Court of Justice / Attila Harmathy -- Recognition of a recognition judgment within the European Union : "double exequatur" and the public policy barrier / Peter Hay -- European Union legislation and private international law : a view from Hungary / László Kecskés -- Constitutional democracy : outline of a defense / János Kis -- The European dream and its evolution in the architecture of the treaties of integration / Ferenc Mádl -- "Non-signatories" and the long arm of arbitral jurisdiction / Vladimir Pavic -- The pendulum swings back : the cooperative approach of German courts to international service of process / Hans-Eric Rasmussen-Bonne -- Internationale schiedsgerichtsbarkeit über kulturgut-streitigkeiten / Kurt Siehr -- About the Rome II regulation : the European unification of the conflict rules to torts / Lajos Vékás -- The United States and the jurisprudence of international tribunals / Johan D. van der Vyver.

In my work I present a theory of alternative rationality to the traditional (neoclassical)) one on the basis of the insights gathered by the Hungarian economist Tibor Scotovsky (1910-2002) by studying the psychological theory of "arousal". In particular, I examine and put into question the propriety of the utility maximization principle, the principle of decreasing marginal utility, the principle of revealed preferences, of self-interest, of full rationality and of the utilitarian hedonism. By analyzing the dynamics on which, according to Scitovsky, individuals learn, think and decide, I conclude that Scitovsky has in fact proposed a theory of rationality alternative to neoclassical one; for he connects the individuals' satisfaction not to a predetermined outcome (end), but to the process (means). That vision has many elements in common with that of Herbert Simon (i.e. procedural rationality); for Simon (1972b, 1978 and 1987b) too links individuals' satisfaction to the procedures and to the intrinsic motivations (aspirations) which engage them and not to the outcome of whatever "expected utility". Nevertheless Scitovsky perspective also partially differs from that of Simon, according to the fact that Scitovsky understands emotions as the essential elements which engage and control the cognitive process. Thus, to Scitovsky, emotions don't bound, on the contrary heighten the level of individuals' rationality. Indeed, Scitovsky does not conceive human behaviour simply as an automatic response of an internal or external stimulus; he believes in the fundamental role played by the mind in selecting and processing information. Consequently (differently from Simon) to Scitovsky human behaviour is the consequence of a cooperative participation of reason and emotion. That is the reason why, to Scitovsky, (again differently from Simon) emotions don't bound the cognitive faculties of an individual; on the contrary they are fundamental for foresight, prevent, and correct possible errors in abstract reasoning. ; Mon travail propose de présenter une théorie de la rationalité alternative à celle de la pensée néoclassique traditionnelle, reposant sur les idées rassemblées par l'économiste hongrois, Tibor Scitovsky (1910-2002), en étudiant la théorie psychologique de l'« arousal ». En particulier, j'examine la validité du principe de maximisation de l'utilité, de l'utilité marginale décroissante, des priorités révélées, de l'intérêt personnel, de la pleine rationalité et de l'hédonisme utilitariste. En analysant les dynamiques par lesquelles, selon Scitovsky, les individus apprennent, pensent et décident, j'en arrive à affirmer que celui-ci propose, en fait, une théorie de la rationalité alternative à celle de la pensée néoclassique ; il relie la satisfaction des individus non pas au résultat prédéterminé (la fin), mais au processus (les moyens). Cette vision comporte beaucoup d'éléments communs à celle d'Herbert Simon (par exemple, la rationalité procédurale) ; pour Simon (1972b, 1978 et 1987b) lier les satisfactions individuelles aux procédures et aux motivations intrinsèques (les aspirations) les engageant et non au résultat de n'importe quelle « utilité attendue ». Cependant, la perspective de Scitovsky diffère aussi partiellement de celle de Simon, car elle considère les émotions comme éléments essentiels qui engagent et contrôlent le processus cognitif. Ainsi, d'après lui, les émotions ne limitent pas, mais, au contraire, augmentent le niveau de rationalité des individus. En effet, Scitovsky ne conçoit pas les comportements humains simplement comme réponses automatiques d'un stimulus interne ou externe ; il croit au rôle fondamental joué par l'esprit dans sa fonction de sélection et de traitement des informations. Par conséquent (et à la différence de Simon), selon lui, les comportements humains sont la conséquence d'une participation coopérative de l'émotion et de la raison. C'est pour cette raison que, pour Scitovsky (et toujours à la différence de Simon), les émotions ne limitent pas les facultés cognitives de l'individu ; au contraire, elles sont fondamentales pour prévoir, prévenir, et corriger les éventuelles erreurs d'un raisonnement abstrait.

In my work I present a theory of alternative rationality to the traditional (neoclassical)) one on the basis of the insights gathered by the Hungarian economist Tibor Scotovsky (1910-2002) by studying the psychological theory of "arousal". In particular, I examine and put into question the propriety of the utility maximization principle, the principle of decreasing marginal utility, the principle of revealed preferences, of self-interest, of full rationality and of the utilitarian hedonism. By analyzing the dynamics on which, according to Scitovsky, individuals learn, think and decide, I conclude that Scitovsky has in fact proposed a theory of rationality alternative to neoclassical one; for he connects the individuals' satisfaction not to a predetermined outcome (end), but to the process (means). That vision has many elements in common with that of Herbert Simon (i.e. procedural rationality); for Simon (1972b, 1978 and 1987b) too links individuals' satisfaction to the procedures and to the intrinsic motivations (aspirations) which engage them and not to the outcome of whatever "expected utility". Nevertheless Scitovsky perspective also partially differs from that of Simon, according to the fact that Scitovsky understands emotions as the essential elements which engage and control the cognitive process. Thus, to Scitovsky, emotions don't bound, on the contrary heighten the level of individuals' rationality. Indeed, Scitovsky does not conceive human behaviour simply as an automatic response of an internal or external stimulus; he believes in the fundamental role played by the mind in selecting and processing information. Consequently (differently from Simon) to Scitovsky human behaviour is the consequence of a cooperative participation of reason and emotion. That is the reason why, to Scitovsky, (again differently from Simon) emotions don't bound the cognitive faculties of an individual; on the contrary they are fundamental for foresight, prevent, and correct possible errors in abstract reasoning. ; Mon travail ...