Suchergebnisse

O crescimento da população humana e a intensificação de suas atividades têm ocasionado modificações nos ambientes utilizados para a nidificação de Testudines, alterando a vegetação dos locais de desova desses animais. Neste estudo objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a influência da vegetação na reprodução de Testudines. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca de artigos na plataforma Web of Science, avaliando-os de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA. Foram recuperados estudos de diversos anos, com espécies marinhas e dulcícolas, que abordavam diversos parâmetros relacionados a vegetação, como altura das plantas e distância para os ninhos, apresentando diversas influências na reprodução de Testudines. A vegetação esteve relacionada com a taxa de eclosão, taxa de predação, seleção de local de desova, temperatura de incubação dos ninhos, razão sexual, entre outros parâmetros. Assim, a vegetação é um fator importante e que deve ser considerado ao se analisar a reprodução desses animais.

Examination of the stomach contents of 122 E. macquarii from the Murray River, Lake Boga and other
waters in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales showed that this species is an opportunistic
omnivore. In order of decreasing importance the main food types were filamentous algae, vertebrate (mainly
fish) carrion, detritus, periphyton (including sponges), mobile aquatic invertebrates, aquatic macrophytes and
terrestrial invertebrates. There was a degree of dietary shift with turtle size, small specimens containing more
detritus and periphyton and less filamentous algae, macrophytes and carrion than bigger ones. The diets of
mature males and females did not differ appreciably. Diel changes in stomach content volumes indicated
that E. macquarii feeds mainly during the daytime.

Western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) was rediscovered in Western Australia in 1954. It is a relict species of a monotypic genus, of very restricted range and specialized habitat. Population was estimated to be 13 to 45 and decreasing at 1 of its 2 native reserves and to be 10 to 45 and static at the other reserve. It does not use permanent water, but lives and feeds in ephemeral winter swamps and spends the other 6 to 9 months of the year in refuges in leaf litter, under fallen branches or in holes in the ground, in contact with the soil. The tortoise is carnivorous and in the wild takes only live aquatic organisms. Captive adults will not take meat until they have starved for many months. Stomach of 1 female (Edward, pers. commun.) had aquatic crustaceans, chiefly Eulimnadia sp., with insects and insect larvae, mainly Coleoptera and Diptera. Study of faeces confirmed that observation had shown that small tadpoles and an aquatic earthworm (Eodrilus cornigravei) were eaten also. Reproduction, growth, activity relative to body and water temperature, and desiccation rate, were noted. One adult female tortoise was eaten by a fox. Foxes and bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) eat eggs of other tortoises and would eat those of P. umbrina. Hatchlings may be eaten by large wading birds such as straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) and white-faced heron (Notophoyx novaehollandiae).

As tartarugas marinhas representam um componente primitivo e singular da diversidade biológica. Neste momento evolutivo são reconhecidas sete espécies de tartarugas marinhas no mundo, sendo que cinco delas ocorrem no litoral brasileiro, as quais são: Dermochelys coriacea, Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata e Lepidochelys olivacea, sendo as três últimas alvo desse estudo. Em tartarugas marinhas a identificação de sequências repetitivas e métodos de citogenética molecular são inexistentes, as análises cromossômicas destas espécies está limitada a descrição do número diploide, fórmulas cariotípicas e bandamentos convencionais, destacando a importância desse estudo como pioneiro para as espécies. Neste estudo foram avaliados os mecanismos cromossômicos responsáveis pela variação interespecífica em C. mydas, E. imbricata e L. olivacea amostradas em cativeiro e na natureza para o conhecimento da organização, evolução e diversidade cariotípica. Foram caracterizadas citogeneticamente C. mydas, E. imbricata e L. olivacea utilizando técnicas baseadas na coloração convencional por Giemsa e hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) com sonda de DNA ribossomal (DNAr) 18S e telomérica (TTAGGG)n. As três espécies estudadas apresentam 2n=56 cromossomos e variações na fórmula cariotípica quanto a morfologia cromossômica e número de microcromossomos quando comparado ao cariótipo considerado ancestral para a subordem. A FISH permitiu a identificação de um par de microcromossomos detentor do sítio de DNAr nas três espécies. O sítio de DNAr 18S está distribuído de forma desigual entre o par demonstrando que mecanismos de crossing-over desigual atuaram na origem do heteromorfismo de tamanho deste cístron. A sonda (TTAGGG)n permitiu detectar um sítio telomérico intersticial (ITS – interstitial telomeric sites) no par microcromossomo 14 na espécie C. mydas, o qual é colocalizado ao sítio de DNAr 18S. A presença deste ITS sem a alteração do 2n sugere sua inserção durante o reparo de quebras da dupla fita no sítio do DNAr 18S pela via de ação da telomerase. Diante deste contexto, este estudo de citogenética molecular evidencia variações microestruturais nos cromossomos das tartarugas marinhas e demonstram que os cariótipos das tartarugas marinhas da família Cheloniidae não são extremamente conservados como previamente descritos e, que variações microestruturais nos cromossomos atuaram na diversificação cariotípica do grupo.Apoio: CNPq, Fundação Araucária, Projeto Rebimar, Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias da Bacia de Santos, Projeto TAMAR ICMBio

Stomach contents were examined of 32 broad-shelled turtles (Chelodina expansa) from the Murray River and associated waters in south east Australia. The main feed items were decapod crustaceans, aquatic bugs and small fish. C. expansa, the largest Australian chelid turtle, was wholly carnivorous and specialized for feeding on highly motile prey.

Adult sex ratios vary considerably among populations of single species and across years, but the best evidence is drawn from species with temperature-dependent sex determination. It is difficult to disentangle the effects of bias in the production of the sexes and the effects of a range of other factors contributing to biased adult sex ratios. In this paper, we survey sex ratios across populations of a species constrained to produce 1 : 1 offspring sex ratios by genotypic sex determination and show considerable variation in adult sex ratios. Raw adult sex ratios of Emydura macquarii emmottii were significantly biased in nine of the 11 populations examined. In all but one case, the bias was strongly in favour of males. Part of the bias in sex ratio was attributed to the differing ages of maturity of males and females – males mature younger than females – which leads to more male cohorts being included in the calculations of sex ratio than female cohorts. However, correcting for this effect brought the sex ratios of the populations closer to parity, as expected, and accounted for an overall 62% of the male surplus evident in the adult sex ratio. Even so, it was insufficient to explain the strong male bias (1.2–2.9) in five of the nine populations initially showing such bias. This provides support to those who advise caution in interpreting adult sex ratio data for freshwater turtles in the context of demography, sex allocation or evaluating the impact of climate change.

Em junho e dezembro de 2013, foram registrados, por meio de observação direta em uma Unidade de Conservação localizada no município de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, indivíduos adultos e desova de tartaruga-da-amazônia (Podocnemis expansa), espécie exótica para a região.

The diet of C. longicollis was inferred from analysis ofthe stomach contents of 105 turtles collected from
the Murray River and associated water bodies in south-eastem Australia. The most important food
items in terms of volume were carrion and decapod crustaceans in the river, camon and littoral-benthic
invertebrates in lakes and ponds containing fish, and planktonic crustaceans (mostly Cladocera) in
ponds and pools without fish. Terrestrial invertebrates, which had presumably fallen into the water,
nektonic insects and whole fish were also eaten. Diet varied relatively little with turtle size and sex,
although juveniles ate relatively less carrion and more littoral and benthic invertebrates than adults.
Within the constraints of its obligate carnivory, C. longicollis is a catholic and opportunistic feeder.

Chelodina longicollis is an opportunistic carnivore that obtains its food from a wide variety of sourcesplankton,
nekton, benthic macro-organisms, carrion, and terrestrial organisms that fall upon the water.
Although there are some quantitative differences between the littoral components of the diet and the composition
of the littoral fauna, these can be attributed to differences in accessibility or 'noticeability' among prey species.
There is no evidence to suggest that C, longicollis is selective in what it eats, within the confines of carnivory.
Comparison of the diet of C. longicollis with those of other sympatric chelids reveals considerable overlap;
the relevance of this to geographic variation in abundance of the species is discussed.

El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios. ; Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods.

El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios. ; Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods.

Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods. ; El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios.