Suchergebnisse

The study argues that although the US power is in decline, it is still a superpower thanks to its allies, friends, economic tools like US dollar and even its adversaries. In other words, not Americans but other countries including rivals keep the US as a superpower. They have done it voluntarily since the US has the desire to act globally, and any loss in its power would cause more losses in other countries. However, particularly during the Trump administration, the US withdrew from the leadership of the like-minded countries, opening the way for China and Russia to be more active in world affairs. Besides reluctant leadership of the Trump administration, generally the U.S administration prefers confrontation to cooperation and escapes from soft landing, accelerating the end of its superpowerhood. The result, as the study argues, might be a more dangerous world order, where there is no superpower ensuring peace on the earth. Methodologically, the concept of superpowerhood is elucidated from a historical, security and international political perspective. ; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Soğuk Savaşın bitmesinden bu yana tek süpergüç olarak kaldı ve dünyayı tek kutuplu bir hale getirdi. İstatistiklere göre Amerika güç kaybediyor ve hemen hemen süpergüç ünvanını kaybetmek üzere. Ancak detaylı incelendiğinde gerçeklerin sanıldığından çok farklı olduğu görülebilir. Amerika, dostları, müttefikleri ve Dolar gibi ekonomik araçları sayesinde halen süpergüç olmaya devam etmektedir. Başka bir deyişle, Amerikalılardan çok rakipleri de olmak üzere diğer ülkeler Amerika'nın süpergüç olmasını sağlıyorlar. Bu sayede çok kutuplu bir dünyada tek kutupluluk devam etmektedir. Bunu gönüllü olarak yapıyorlar çünkü Amerika'nın küresel olarak hareket etmek gibi bir isteği var ve onun güç kaybetmesi diğer ülkelerde daha fazla zarara neden olabilir. Ancak bu durum Amerikan gücünün eridiğini ve dünyanın bir geçiş döneminden geçtiği gerçeklerini değiştirmiyor. Eğer Amerikan yönetimi çekişmeyi işbirliğine tercih edip yumuşak inişe razı olmasa süpergüçlük devrinin sonunu hızlandırmış olur. Tam tersi, eğer yeni şartlara adapte olursa Amerikan devrini uzatmayı başarabilir. Bu makale mezkur konuyu araştırarak ülkeler arası güç dengesinde ülkelerin birbirlerinin gücüne gönüllü veya zorunlu olarak nasıl destek vermek zorunda kaldıklarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin yazımı için literatür taramasının yanı sıra istatistiklerden istifade edilmiştir.

The implementation of education which refers to the juridical foundation set by the government has an impact on the sustainability of theological andChristian colleges in their communitarians because of the consideration of theological studies according to their scientific learning outcomes. the fundamental problem to be researched is how the creation story at the beginning of the bible provides a perspective on the educational system which is understood as a theological study. This study aims to enrich the understanding of the education system based on theological and juridical studies as an educational reference for mutual realization between the two. The author uses the narrative and structural analysis method with a lexical observation approach to the structure and narrative of the text of Genesis1: 1-31 to conclude that theological and juridical studies are not contradictory but complement each other in the actualization of educationby humans with a loving attitude lev?vk? or "heart", n?fšek? or "soul" and me'?d?k? or his power to love his Creator. ; Pelaksanaan pendidikan yang merujuk pada landasan yuridis yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah berdampak pada keberlangsungan perguruan tinggi teologi dan agama Kristen dalam komunitariannya karena pertimbangan kajian teologis sesuai learning outcome keilmuannya.Persoalan mendasar untuk diteliti yaitu bagaimana kisah penciptaan pada awal Kitab Suci memberikan perspektif mengenai sistem pendidikan yang dipahami sebagai kajian teologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai upaya memperkaya pemahaman mengenai sistem pendidikan berdasarkan kajian teologis dan yuridis sebagai acuan edukasi bagi realisasi mutual antarakeduanya. Penulis menggunakan metode analisis narasi dan strukturaldengan pendekatan observasi leksikal terhadap struktur dan narasi teksKejadian 1:1-31 untuk menyumpulkan bahwa kajian teologis dan yuridistidak saling bertentangan melainkan saling melengkapi dalam aktualisasipendidikan oleh manusia dengan sikap mengasihi dengan lev?vk? atau "hati", n?fšek? atau "jiwa" dan me'?d?k? atau kekuatannya untuk mengasihi Pencipta-Nya.

Soroush criticized the concept of "al-faqih territory" embodied in the system of religious democracy in Iran. The concept gives Mullah and Ulama a sole authority. Al-faqih territory which means the leadership of a jihad is a form of Syiah politics that takes place in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The government policy in the name of "God's Voice" to punish a State case. According to Soroush, this is a misconception because the government just prioritizes the interests of the State and denies the public inspirations. On this basis, Soroush wants to give Iranians an understanding of religion more truthfully, so that the people are aware that Religion (text / revelation) and knowledge of theology is different. Soroush attempts at giving reconsideration of the status of "religious ideology" to the public in order to be able to criticize the concept of government in Iran that is "al-faqih territory".

This article examines the political system ever undertaken by the Prophet Muhammad especially when he was in Medina. The study finds out that the hadith texts show that the political practices of the Prophet indicated that he not only became the spiritual leader of the Muslims community, but also the leader of the state who made the syûrâ as a system in determining the direction of the government of Madinah. The syûrâ system not only offers a political system but also becomes the basis of ethics in politics so that politicians can improvise in exercising power without violating Islamic ethics. Islam does not set certain systems to be embraced by a predominantly Muslim country, although the term syûrâ is contained in the Qur'an and Hadith, but the most important thing is the substance of the syûrâ that should be the system for every country, especially in Indonesia. ; Artikel ini mengkaji sistem politik yang pernah dilakukan oleh Nabi saw. khususnya ketika beliau berada di Madinah. Studi ini menemukan bahwa teks-teks haditz menunjukkan bahwa praktek politik yang dilakukan oleh Nabi menunjukkan bahwa dia tidak hanya menjadi pemimpin spiritual umat Islam, tetapi juga pemimpin negara yang menjadikan syûrâ sebagai sistem dalam menentukan arah pemerintahan Madinah. Sistem syûrâ tidak hanya menawarkan sistem politik semata, tetapi juga menjadi dasar etika dalam berpolitik sehingga para politisi dapat berimprovisasi dalam menjalankan kekuasaan tanpa melanggar etika Islam. Islam tidak mematok sistem tertentu untuk di anut oleh negara yang mayoritas berpenduduk muslim, meskipun term syûrâ tercantum dalam al-Qur'an maupun Hadis, namun hal paling terpenting adalah substansi dari syûrâ yang selayaknya dijadikan sistem bagi setiap negara khususnya di Indonesia.