Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis paper discusses how Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1876) transformed the architectural landscape of Mardin at the end of the 19th century. Ottoman presence and authority in the urban landscape was symbolised by modern secular bureaucratic buildings such as the government palace, the government house, the town hall, the revenue office, the post office, prisons, banks, schools, hospitals and military barracks in this era. Tanzimat Reforms also had bearings on the vernacular architecture in Mardin. The granting of a modern system of equal citizenship in this era paved the way for the city's Christian communities to establish several new churches and renovate existing ones. Ottoman elites sent from the centre, or new bureaucrats appointed from among local Muslim, Christian and Jewish communities, influential noble families, tradesmen and artisans commissioned elaborate domestic buildings. While indigenous architectural types and decorative styles are observed mostly in the elite houses and religious architecture, official and municipal buildings, commissioned by the patronage of centrally appointed bureaucrats, display predominantly neoclassical arrangement, the favoured style of the government buildings of the Tanzimat and post-Tanzimat eras of Ottoman Empire.

AbstractThis article studies how the Cihanbeyli tribe became a crucial economic actor for the meat supply of İstanbul, by focusing on a conflict between the tribe's leader, Alişan Bey, and the Russian trader David Savalan, which lasted from the 1840s to the 1850s in and around the province of Ankara. Two important processes of the early Tanzimat era had an impact on the Cihanbeyli's role in animal trade. First, as part of the centralization project of the Tanzimat, the Cihanbeyli tribe was sedentarized in the 1840s and 1850s. Second, although the Ottoman state adopted liberal economic policies during the Tanzimat, the provisioning of meat to the imperial capital continued until 1857. Therefore, the article examines the Cihanbeyli's role in the animal trade in the light of these administrative and economic changes. Our findings support the argument that tribes were an integral part of the imperial economy, politics, and society. The dependence of the Ottoman state on the supply of meat by the Cihanbeyli increased significantly from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century. This opposes the conventional view that posits tribes as primordial forms hindering economic and social development in the modernization processes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

One of the debates about contemporary political philosophy is related to historical perspective upon the Transitional Justice. This debate focuses on the probability of historical perspective will work in the Transitional Justice practices. In addition to this, in the evaluations concerning Transitional Justice, recently happened events and implemented reforms are taken into account and historical examples are not frequently referred. In the present work, by starting from this thesis, we will scrutinize the reforms made in American Reconstruction and Ottoman Tanzimat eras in terms of transitional justice. By taking both eras into consideration as two cases, we sought to question the possibility of historical perspective in the work. The work is limited to the legal arrangements and structural reforms in the considered eras. In the conclusion of the work, it is seen that the legal and structural reforms in both eras, which had the characteristics of transitional period, failed. In spite of this, it is probable to say that the taken steps related to justice formed the basis of many constitutional and legal reforms in the future. Additionally, these two cases demonstrate the significance of historical perspective in the studies of transitional justice.

"This book focuses on the most promising and progressive period of the Ottoman 19th century, namely the Tanzimat era, by putting the Archives of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople (APC) of the 19th century and the Ottoman provinces at its center"--

Bosnia and Herzegovina has always been characterized by multiethnic and multi-religious diversity. Throughout the history Montenegrins, Serbs and Croats from neighboring countries have also naturally been connected with Bosnia and Herzegovina. This diversity was also enriched with the influence of great powers especially by the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Very often internal diversity and interests of the great powers caused significant upheavals, wars, and migrations. For instance, the Austro-Hungarian Empire later attacked Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to invade it in 1697, 1737, 1788 and 1791. Eventually, the Berlin Treaty had enabled the Austro-Hungarian Empire to get the exclusive right to administer Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nevertheless, according to the Treaty, the region was still legally under the Ottoman State. After the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1908 the country's administrative and political system, which significantly affected the position of Bosniaks. In particular, their political and religious status has been changed significantly. These developments also significantly affected and accelerated migration to Anatolia. During this turbulent period Hilmi Baba, a provincial scholar from Bosnia discussed whether the Muslims living in the region should immigrate to Anatolia. He also critically analyzed the impact of the reforms (tanzimat) in Bosnia. The main aim of this article is to make a contextual analysis of Hilmi Baba's views, approaches, and works.

Contents -- Introduction -- 1. A New Type of Knowledge for a New Social Group -- 2. Speakers, Institutions, Discourses of Science in a New Regime -- 3. Consolidation of the Discourse: Science, State, and Virtue in the 1860s -- 4. Expansion and Challenge: Young Ottomans, New Alternatives -- 5. Debating Science in the Late Tanzimat Era: Themes and Positions -- 6. Inventing the "Confused Youth": Science, Community, and Morality in the 1880s -- 7. Science and Morality at the End of the Nineteenth Century -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Once hailed as 'the eternal state', the Ottoman Empire was in decline by the end of the nineteenth century, finally collapsing under the pressures of World War I. Yet its legacies are still apparent, and few have had more impact than those of its schools and educational policies. Empire and Education under the Ottomans analyses the Empire's educational politics from the mid-nineteenth century, amidst the Tanzimat reform period, until the Young Turk Revolution in 1908. Through a focus on the regional impact of decrees from Istanbul, Emine Ö. Evered unravels the complexities of the era, demonstr

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Dramatis Personae -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Shaping the Empire -- Chapter Two: The Age of Transformation in Ottoman Political Thought -- Chapter Three: The Tanzimat Era and the Republicanism of the Young Ottomans -- Chapter Four: The Positivist Universalism and Republicanism of the Young Turks -- Chapter Five: The Political Thought of the Young Turk Revolution -- Chapter Six: Political Thought in the Balkan Wars -- Chapter Seven: Ottoman Political Thought during World War I -- Chapter Eight: The War of Independence (1919-22) -- Chapter Nine: The Victory of Radical Republicanism -- Conclusion: The Ideology of the Early Republic -- Bibliography -- Index

Introduction: Revival of Turkish Interest in Republicanism; Republicanism as a Political Tradition -- Shaping the Empire -- The Age of Transformation in Ottoman Political Thought : The Reigns of Selim III (1789-1807) and Mahmud II (1808-38) -- The Tanzimat Era (1839-76) and Islamic Republicanism of the Young Ottomans -- The Positivist Universalism and Republicanism of the Young Turks -- The Political Thought of the Young Turk Revolution -- Political Thought in the Balkan Wars and the Rise of Authoritarianism -- Ottoman Political Thought during World War I -- The War of Independence (1919-22) : Road to the Independent Turkish Republic -- The Victory of Authoritarian Republicanism -- Conclusion: The Ideology of the Early Republic