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"Published with the partial support of Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior." ; v. 1. Multilateral documents : Antarctica. Environment and natural resources -- v. 2. Multilateral documents : Fisheries. Marine mammals. Marine pollution -- v. 3. Multilateral documents : Marine pollution (continued). Marine science and exploration. Other -- Bilateral documents involving the United States : Australia. Bolivia. Brazil. Canada. Chile. China, People's Republic. Colombia. Ecuador. Estonia. European Economic Community. France. Germany, Federal Republic of. Iceland. Israel. Italy. Jamaica. Japan. Korea, Republic of. Lithuania. Mexico. The Netherlands. New Zealand. Panama. Papua New Guinea. Poland. Taiwan. Tunisia. Turkey. Ukraine. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. United Kingdom. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 17

"Published with the partial support of National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, and Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and Environment and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice." ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Published with the partial support of National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, and Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State." ; Includes bibliographical references ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Published with the partial support of National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, and Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 17

THIS ARTICLE IS A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CHINA'S TREATIES CONCLUDED BETWEEN 1973 AND 1982. THE CONCRETE METHODS OF THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ARE BILATERAL TREATY FREQUENCY, TREATY FREQUENCY BY COUNTRY GROUPINGS, TREATY FREQUENCY BY SINGLE PARTNERS, AND TREATY FREQUENCY BY TOPICS. THE DATA UPON WHICH THIS STUDY IS BASED CONSIST OF 1395 BILATERAL TREATIES SIGNED BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC), DERIVED FROM SEVERAL SOURCES. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT TREATIES ARE A MEANINGFUL AND VALUABLE CONSIDERATION IN STUDYING THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF CHINA. SEVERAL TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS ARE REACHED: (1) THE MORE REALISTIC CHINESE LEADERS ARE, THE MORE LIKELY THEY ARE TO ADOPT FOREIGN POLICIES ACCORDING TO NATIONAL GOALS; (2) WE USUALLY PAY ATTENTION TO UNIQUENESS AND PECULIARITY IN FOREIGN RELATIONS, YET QUANTITATIVE TREATY ANALYSIS AIDS IN CLARIFYING ROUTINE BUT IMPORTANT FOREIGN RELATIONS; AND (3) IT IS POSSIBLE TO ANALYZE CHINA'S TRUE FOREIGN RELATIONS SCIENTIFICALLY WITHOUT BEING DISTRACTED BY CHINA'S EXAGGERATED POLITICAL SLOGANS. IN THIS SENSE THE METHODOLOGY IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER NATIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM.

There have been several recent attempts to change the Constitution by dispensing with the necessity for the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate in the making of treaties. The two-thirds rule is undoubtedly a handicap to the freedom of the Executive in concluding arrangements with foreign countries. It was intended to have such effect; but the check proves to be irksome. It is the author's belief that the check is exceedingly valuable to a democratic government, and while it unquestionably slows up the process of making international commitments, it insures a popular control over treaties and it safeguards the small states in a manner which an easier method of approval might escape.The first method of eliminating the Senate was suggested in 1941 when Mr. Wallace McClure, of the Department of State, wrote his book advocating the interchangeability of the treaty and executive agreement, concluding that anything that could be done by treaty could also be done by executive agreement, with the approval of Congress if necessary, without the approval of Congress if possible. In his support, he invoked what purported to be a growing usage to this effect, as proof of which he cited numerous agreements. These statistics have doubtless been aided by the supposedly unlimited power over foreign affairs assigned to the federal government by Justice Sutherland in the Curtiss-Wright case, a case which has been much misunderstood and the dictum of which has been vigorously criticized. I ventured to review Mr. McClure's book, and came to the conclusion that the dilapidation of the Constitution which he foreshadowed was unjustified by the facts and harmful to the United States. While Mr. McClure's views met a somewhat mixed reception in the Department of State, there is some evidence that his proposals appealed to certain groups.