Suchergebnisse

European social security organisations experience shortages of insurance physicians and they attempt to streamline procedures in the disability assessment services in order to save costs, while safeguarding the quality of the assessments. Hence, they look at alternative ways for efficient and cost-effective assessments by transferring insurance physician tasks to other (non)-healthcare professionals. This study, carried out by European Union of Medicine in Assurance and Social Security (EUMASS), aimed to describe and compare the use of task transfer (task shifting, delegation and support) in European social security systems. The approach was threefold: (1) A survey questionnaire was sent to all 20 EUMASS members, inquiring about the present and planned use of task transfer in work disability assessments, and how it has been evaluated; (2) A literature study was undertaken on task transfer; (3) Case studies were carried out in selected countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom) where different approaches to task transfer have been used. Task transfer in disability assessments has been introduced in seven countries, mostly in Western Europe. A mixture of task shifting, delegation, and support was often used. Nurses were the main group to take over new tasks, but other (non)-healthcare professionals were also involved. Task transfer is implemented in different ways in line with the cultural traditions and the specific organisations that comprise the political and financial framework of the individual country. Education and training were important for a successful change of tasks. The changes were mostly seen as positive. Innovative and flexible approaches are described which can provide examples for other countries and can inform further study.

The article defines that the security transfer of title refers to unnamed methods of securing the performance of obligations. The main attention is paid to the security transfer of ownership. The correlation of this method of collateral with collateral is considered. It is assessed how correct it is to recognize the security transfer of ownership as a transaction aimed at circumventing the norms of the law on pledge. It is determined that the possibility of protecting the rights of the debtor directly depends on how the title security is issued. In case of incorrect execution, today the best way to protect the debtor's rights is to recognize the secured sale transaction as invalid. If legally regulated methods of title security are used - repo transactions, security factoring, leaseback - other protection mechanisms provided for these transactions can be applied. In the future, in order to protect the rights of the debtor, it would be possible to enshrine at the legislative level the emergence of a limited real right to the subject of security for the debtor and the restriction of ownership of the subject of security for the creditor.

In China, the current household contract responsibility system has been unable to adapt to the commercialization and marketization of rural cultivated land. Rural land transfer is allowed by the government as a supplement to the household contract responsibility system. However, in 2016, the rural land circulating in China accounted for only 35% of the total national rural land area and there were many problems with the process of land circulation. Therefore, the rural revitalization strategy in China must focus on how to promote rural land circulation with high efficiency to ensure food security in China and high quality to realize the sustainable development of rural land resources. In this study, based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), two structural equation models (SEM) for rural land inflow and rural land outflow were used to compare and examine the key factors affecting farmers&rsquo ; intention to engage in rural land circulation in Shandong Province. Data analysed from a survey of 549 farmers showed that behavioural attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptual behavioural control have a significant impact on farmers&rsquo ; intention to engage in rural land circulation, and only subjective norms had a negative impact on the land inflow intention model. Behavioural attitudes had the greatest impact in the two models, but the impact paths of the two models were different. In the rural land inflow intention model, the intrinsic value of cultivated land is important to farmers, whereas in the rural land outflow model, the economic rationality of transferring land was mainly considered. The importance of perceptual behavioural control in the rural land outflow model was greater than it was in the rural land inflow model. The results of this research can provide a reference for formulating government policies, achieving the sustainable development of land resources, and guaranteeing food supply.

This article makes three central claims. Firstly, it argues that the study of policy transfer provides a rich source for investigating structures and processes of Collaborative Government. For policy transfer is the outcome of collaborative activities between governmental and non-governmental actors. Secondly, it further argues that Collaborative Government can both extend and limit participation; empower and disempower. Thirdly, we draw on previous work (Evans and Davies, 1999), to contend that the policy transfer network approach provides a useful lens for studying this particular structure and process of Collaborative Government. The article explores these three claims through a case study of the emergence and development of a performance measurement and resource allocation programme within the Department of Social Security to counter social security fraud. The case study draws on the insights of the Project Leader and his team.