Suchergebnisse

Transport plays an important role in the economic, political, social, cultural, defense and security. Due to the lack of transport relations between the regions more smoothly and saving time and costs that are beneficial to society. As more of the population then the movement will transport in the area of Jalan Pahlawan Tenggarong Sebrang L2 increases and the effect on segment performance and level of service. Tenggarong Seberang hero is a road that has an important role in supporting the development of the sectors of trade, mining and education office .The purpose of this study was to determine the segment's performance in Jalan Pahlawan L2 are judged by the level of service. Analysis performed manually according to traffic conditions in Indonesia. In this case do the analysis using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997 (MKJI'1997) to take into account the traffic performance. Traffic volume data obtained from the survey will be undertaken lapangana for 3 days on Monday, Wednesday, Saturday taking into consideration the volume of traffic on the day and at peak hours are presented in tabular form vehicle data.Based on analysis of the performance of Jalan Pahlawan L2 are judged by the level of service method can MKJI'1997 in service levels Hero roads at peak hours Mondays is that in zone B stable flow conditions, the driver has the freedom to choose kecepata. and the level of service roads Aji lake at 2024 hours Monday pucak is D, the current approach is not setabil where almost all driver-related care is limited volume capacity that can be tolerated (accepted).

In some regions of the world, large carnivores, such as wolves, persist in landscapes with dense networks of paved roads. However, beyond the general impacts of roads on wildlife, we still lack information on carnivore responses to different types of roads and traffic volume levels. Using wolves in NW Spain as a case study, we show how wolves respond differently to paved road classes depending on road size, speed limit and traffic volume. All wolves evaluated (25 GPS collared wolves) crossed paved roads. Overall, during 3,915 sampling days, we recorded 29,859 wolf crossings. Wolf crossings of all paved road classes were recorded at a mean rate of 0.022 crossings/day/km (95% CI 0.016–0.027). Wolves crossed low speed and low traffic volume roads more frequently, and more often during the night, in order to lessen the chances of encountering traffic. We found mortality to be highest on roads with high speed and high traffic volume. How wolves interact with paved roads should be considered in landscape planning strategies in order to guarantee wolf long-term persistence in human-dominated landscapes. In our case, our results support an increasing focus on primary roads (class II) to identify segments of these roads where road mitigation efforts should be prioritised. Our study also highlights the importance of considering paved road classes when studying the impact of roads on wildlife. ; JVLB was supported by a Ramon & Cajal research contract (RYC-2015-18932) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivenes. We are in debt to the staff of the Regional Government of Galicia. We thank Victor Sazatornil, Emilio J. García and Vicente Palacios for wolf collaring and field assistance. Spatial information from some wolves in the study area comes from research projects funded by DESA S.L. and GAMESA S.L. This is scientific paper no. from the Iberian Wolf Research Team (IWRT).

The article presents the results of research into the reasons for temporal variability in tourist traffic volume in the most visited national park in Poland in 2021 – a record year in terms of visitor numbers. Data on the daily sales of admission tickets were used alongside meteorological data, supported by PS IMAGO PRO software for multiple linear regression analysis. The results demonstrate that the tourist traffic volume did not only depend on the occurrence of weekends, public holidays and the summer holiday season, but also on a number of meteorological factors. The significance of the meteorological factors varied both by month and by day of the week. It was also different at different points of ticket sales, which provided some information about the visitor profiles and weather preferences of tourists choosing particular hiking trails. It was further found that, in summer, tourist traffic increases particularly on the first few days following a period of heavy rain.

JVLB was supported by a Ramón & Cajal research contract (RYC-2015-18932) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivenes. We are in debt to the staf of the Regional Government of Galicia. We thank Victor Sazatornil, Emilio J. García and Vicente Palacios for wolf collaring and feld assistance. Spatial information from some wolves in the study area comes from research projects funded by DESA S.L. and GAMESA S.L.

AbstractFatigue is an inevitable hazard in the provision of air traffic services and it has the potential to degrade human performance leading to occurrences. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requires air navigation services which providers establish fatigue risk management systems (FRMS) based on scientific principles for the purpose of managing fatigue. To develop effective FRMSs, it is important to investigate the relationship between traffic volume, air traffic management occurrences, and fatigue. Fifty‐seven qualified ATCOs from a European Air Navigation Services provider participated in this research by providing data indicating their alertness levels over the course of a 24‐hour period. ATCOs' fatigue data were compared against the total of 153 occurrences and 962,328 air traffic volumes from the Eurocontrol TOKAI incident database in 2019. The result demonstrated that ATCO fatigue levels are not the main contributory factor associated with air traffic management occurrences, although fatigue did impact ATCOs' performance. High traffic volume increases ATCO cognitive task load that can surpass available attention resources leading to occurrences. Furthermore, human resilience drives ATCOs to maintain operational safety though they suffer from circadian fatigue. Consequently, FRMS appropriately implemented can be used to mitigate the effects of fatigue. First‐line countermeasure strategies should focus on enough rest breaks and roster schedule optimization; secondary strategies should focus on monitoring ATCOs' task loads that may induce fatigue. It is vital to consider traffic volume and ATCOs' alertness levels when implementing effective fatigue risk management protocols.