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The Sweet Potato in Oceania:. Reappraisal. Chris Ballard, Paula Brown, Michael Bourke, and Tracy Harwood, eds. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005. 227 pp.

The sweet potato originated in northwestern South America, arising possibly as a hybrid cross or through karyotypic alterations from an unknown plant of the genus Ipomoea. This domestication is associated with the development of Tropical Forest agricultural villages by ca. 2500 B.C. The Spanish introduced it to Europe and spread it to China and Japan and Malaysia and the Moluccas region. The Portuguese carried it to India, Indonesia, and Africa. The plant has a pre‐Magellan introduction into Polynesia by possibly A.D. 1 in the Samoa area and is dispersed from there to the rest of the Pacific. The plant was transferred either by birds carrying the seed or, more likely, through an accidental casting of a vessel carrying it upon an island of the Samoa region. The word kumara, alleged by many to show direct contact between Polynesians and Quechuan‐speaking Indians, apparently reconstructs to Proto‐Polynesian and was introduced into the Quechua dictionaries to reflect the educated Spaniard's knowledge of sweet potato terms.

In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 40% of children under five years of age suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Among several interventions in place to address vitamin A deficiency is biofortification, breeding vitamin A into key staple crops. Staple crops biofortified with beta-carotene, the precursor to vitamin A, are orange in color. Given the natural occurrence of high levels of beta-carotene in many sweet potato varieties, breeding progress for biofortified orange sweet potato (OSP) has been much faster than for the other vitamin A enhanced staples. Nearly 3 million households have been reached with OSP. This paper reviews key factors influencing the uptake of OSP, the breeding investment, five key delivery approaches that have been tested in the region and efforts to broaden government and other stakeholder engagement.

n sub-Saharan Africa, more than 40% of children under five years of age suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Among several interventions in place to address vitamin A deficiency is biofortification, breeding vitamin A into key staple crops. Staple crops biofortified with beta-carotene, the precursor to vitamin A, are orange in color. Given the natural occurrence of high levels of beta-carotene in many sweet potato varieties, breeding progress for biofortified orange sweet potato (OSP) has been much faster than for the other vitamin A enhanced staples. Nearly 3 million households have been reached with OSP. This paper reviews key factors influencing the uptake of OSP, the breeding investment, five key delivery approaches that have been tested in the region and efforts to broaden government and other stakeholder engagement.

Due to the semi-perishable nature of sweet potato the price fluctuation occur based on demand and supply. Hence, it becomes necessary to precisely forecast market price of sweet potato. Price forecasting of sweet potato was carried out for six selected states in India using time series monthly market price, collected from AGMARKNET price portal from January 2010 to December 2021. Exponential Smoothing Models (ESM), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) model were used for forecasting of sweet potato price. It was observed that among the forecasting models, the TDNN model predicted accurate future prices of sweet potato based on the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean AbsoluteError (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) than SARIMA and ESM. The forecast indicated that the average market price of sweet potato in selected states of India viz., Kerala, Odisha, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Telangana, would be in the range of Rs. 684 to Rs. 2757 per quintal during January 2022 to December 2022. The forecasted price of sweet potato would provide valuable information to the sweet potato growers, government institutions and other stakeholders in the sweet potato value chain to take appropriate decisions on production, marketing and consumption of sweet potato.

Abstract Shochu is the most widely consumed spirit in Japan. In its manufacture is used koji, a solid fungus culture traditional of the Asian countries, but that makes the production process slow. Shochu can be produced from a variety of starchy sources, including sweet potato. About 7% of the world's sweet potato production is wasted due to imperfections that make it unsuitable for consumption. However, this material can be used in ethanol production. Considering the high productivity of sweet potato in Brazil, an opportunity to add value to this raw material is perceived. An alternative process for the production of sweet potato distillate similar to shochu was proposed. Koji was replaced by a mixture of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Process time was reduced from 14 to only 1 day. Composition analyses were performed by HPLC and GC. The experimental yield of alcoholic fermentation using pectinase enzyme reached 67.31-73.65%, but methanol was above the limits of the legislation. Without the addition of pectinase, no methanol was formed. However, there was a decrease in yield (51.65-54.75%), due to the incomplete disintegration of sweet potatoes. The distillate produced and the commercial shochu presented the same absorption bands in FTIR analysis, identifying the similarity between them.

Shochu is the most widely consumed spirit in Japan. In its manufacture is used koji, a solid fungus culture traditional of the Asian countries, but that makes the production process slow. Shochu can be produced from a variety of starchy sources, including sweet potato. About 7% of the world's sweet potato production is wasted due to imperfections that make it unsuitable for consumption. However, this material can be used in ethanol production. Considering the high productivity of sweet potato in Brazil, an opportunity to add value to this raw material is perceived. An alternative process for the production of sweet potato distillate similar to shochu was proposed. Koji was replaced by a mixture of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Process time was reduced from 14 to only 1 day. Composition analyses were performed by HPLC and GC. The experimental yield of alcoholic fermentation using pectinase enzyme reached 67.31-73.65%, but methanol was above the limits of the legislation. Without the addition of pectinase, no methanol was formed. However, there was a decrease in yield (51.65-54.75%), due to the incomplete disintegration of sweet potatoes. The distillate produced and the commercial shochu presented the same absorption bands in FTIR analysis, identifying the similarity between them.

Analisis tentang daya tawar petani sangat penting karena karakteristik unik produk pertanian yang membuat posisi petani lebih rentan. Terkait hal itu, penelitian ini menganalisis daya tawar petani dan kondisi pasar produk pertanian (ubi jalar) dengan memakai pendekatan rantai nilai dan SCP (structure, conduct, performance). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang karena lokasi ini memiliki potensi hasil ubi jalar yang tinggi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah petani, lembaga pemasaran, dan pemerintah yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran ubi jalar memiliki empat macam saluran pemasaran dan struktur pasar bersifat oligopoli. Hasil perhitungan Concentration Ratio (CR4) sebesar 0,52 menunjukan bahwa pasar dalam kondisi konsentrasi lemah dengan nilai Minimum Efficiency Scale (MES) sebesar 65%, yang berarti ada hambatan pesaing baru dalam memasuki sistem pasar. Kinerja pemasaran mempunyai sistem pemasaran yang efisien terdapat pada saluran pemasaran keempat dengan marjin pemasaran Rp. 1500/kg dan pangsa petani 57,14%. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa petani harus memilih rantai pemasaran yang pendek untuk dijual kepada konsumen akhir. ; A thorough analysis of farmers' purchasing power is very important because of agricultural products' unique characteristics that likely position farmers more vulnerably. In this respect, we seek to anayze farmers' purchasing power and market conditions of an agricultural product (sweet potatoes) by using the value chain and SCP (structure, conduct, performance) analyses. This study is administered in Bergas Sub-district, Semarang Regency that exhibit high potentials of sweet potato products. Our research sample are farmers, marketing institutions, and governments that are selected with the purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. The results show that sweet potatoes marketing in this sub-district has four marketing channels and the market structure is oligopoly. The concentration ratio (CR4) of 0.52 indicates that the market has weak concentration with the Minimum Efficiency Scale (MES) score of 65%, implying that new competitors are obstructed to enter the market. Further, the fourth market channel has efficient marketing system performance with the marketing margin of Rp 1,500/ kg and farmers' market share of 57.14%. Overall, our results suggest that farmers have to select short marketing chains and sell their products to final consumers.

Not Available ; Due to the semi-perishable nature of sweet potato the price fluctuation occur based on demand and supply. Hence, it becomes necessary to precisely forecast market price of sweet potato. Price forecasting of sweet potato was carried out for six selected states in India using time series monthly market price, collected from AGMARKNET price portal from January 2010 to December 2021. Exponential Smoothing Models (ESM), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) model were used for forecasting of sweet potato price. It was observed that among the forecasting models, the TDNN model predicted accurate future prices of sweet potato based on the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) than SARIMA and ESM. The forecast indicated that the average market price of sweet potato in selected states of India viz., Kerala, Odisha, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Telangana, would be in the range of Rs. 684 to Rs. 2757 per quintal during January 2022 to December 2022. The forecasted price of sweet potato would provide valuable information to the sweet potato growers, government institutions and other stakeholders in the sweet potato value chain to take appropriate decisions on production, marketing and consumption of sweet potato. ; Not Available

This research accesses the suitability of using processed flours from fermented and unfermented yellow-fleshed sweet-potato as alternative flour based on their physiochemical and microbiological properties. Raw yellow sweet potato tubers were obtained from a local Nigerian market and processed into fermented and unfermented sweet potato flours. Their microbiological and physiochemical (proximate and functional) properties were analyzed using standard methods. The microbiological results identified six bacterial genera; (Bacillus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Enterobacter) and five fungal genera (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Candida, and Saccharomyces). Bacillus and Aspergillus spp. were the most dominant bacterial and fungal genera respectively. The physiochemical result reveals that fermenting sweet potato flour resulted in improved protein, moisture content, and water and oil adsorption capacities compared to the unfermented flour. The pH also decreased from 8.8 to 5.0 after 72 h of fermentation. Most of the microorganisms isolated are associated with plants, water, environment, and fermentation, they are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms and their potentials can be further exploited in the food industry. These findings highlights the potentials of incorporating fermentation techniques in enhancing the nutritional and techno-functional attributes of sweet potato flour as a healthy alternative gluten-free flour-based staple diet.