Suchergebnisse

Le 17 mars 2003, Sun Zhigang, un étudiant de 27 ans, diplômé des beaux-arts, est emmené dans un commissariat de police de Canton, puis dans un centre d'hébergement pour migrants. Il y décède trois jours plus tard. Ces faits, relatés dans un quotidien du sud de la Chine, suscitent une indignation collective qui se manifeste dans la presse et surtout sur Internet. Dénoncés comme scandaleux car reflétant une réalité jugée désormais intolérable, ils révèlent la construction d'une communauté de critères éthiques. L'article analyse les manières de dénoncer l'injustice qui s'expriment à cette occasion, et qui prennent appui sur des principes normatifs partagés, tout autant que sur la façon dont chacun perçoit sa fragilité et sa dépendance par rapport à autrui, en cette période dite de « réformes économiques ». Il analyse également la gestion du scandale par les autorités nationales qui inclut, au-delà d'une réforme des « stations de détention et de rapatriement », une reconnaissance du collectif qui s'est manifesté sous la forme d'un « public » d'événements auxquels il lui est reconnu rétrospectivement le droit d'avoir réagi. En liant ainsi de façon nouvelle opinion publique, jugements d'experts et action publique, cette réponse officielle, même si elle limite l'activité du « public » à un simple rôle d'appui à la décision, crée un précédent, l'action de l'État se trouvant désormais mesurée à l'aune d'attentes nouvelles.

This paper focuses on the recent public scandal which became known in China as the "Sun Zhigang case": on 13 March 2003, this former university student in arts, aged 27, was taken to a police station of Canton city, then to a centre for the sheltering & repatriation of internal migrants where he died three days later. These facts, reported by a daily paper of south China, raised an intense collective indignation which expressed itself in the media but also through the Internet. Denounced as scandalous since reflecting a reality now considered to be unbearable, they supported the assertion of a community of shared convictions. The present paper observes the various forms which were then mobilised to express a sense of injustice & which rely both on shared normative principles as on the way individuals perceive their weakness & their dependency in this period of "economic reforms." It analyzes also the way national authorities have managed this case, leading not only to an institutional reform of the bodies at stake but also to a recognition of the collective entity which has manifested itself as the public of events to which it could react. By linking in an unprecedented way public opinion, experts' judgments & public action, this official response, although it limits the activity of the public as simply supporting State decision-making process, creates a precedent, the action of the State being from now on evaluated on the basis of these new expectations. Adapted from the source document.

Industrial pollution control is a difficult problem in China&rsquo ; s current economic transformation, and the Chinese government has implemented many measures to deal with it. However, little research has focused on the relationship between land policy and industrial pollution. Based on the theoretical discussion of the mechanism influencing the market-oriented reform of industrial land (mainly refer to the marketization of land conveyance price and the openness of land conveyance process) on urban industrial pollution, we constructed an analytical framework by linking land policy with industrial pollution. Then, we constructed an econometric model and chose the statistical data of 104 large- and medium-sized cities in mainland China from 2003 to 2016. The results indicate that with the marketization of the industrial land conveyance price, urban industrial pollution is presenting an inverted U-shaped change trend. For cities in different development stages of industrialization, there is no difference in the impact of industrial land conveyance price on urban industrial pollution. However, the openness of industrial land conveyance promotes and inhibits the urban industrial pollution in the stages of industrialization and post-industrialization, respectively. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to control industrial pollution from the perspective of further improving the industrial land conveyance mechanism.

Industrial pollution control is a difficult problem in China's current economic transformation, and the Chinese government has implemented many measures to deal with it. However, little research has focused on the relationship between land policy and industrial pollution. Based on the theoretical discussion of the mechanism influencing the market-oriented reform of industrial land (mainly refer to the marketization of land conveyance price and the openness of land conveyance process) on urban industrial pollution, we constructed an analytical framework by linking land policy with industrial pollution. Then, we constructed an econometric model and chose the statistical data of 104 large- and medium-sized cities in mainland China from 2003 to 2016. The results indicate that with the marketization of the industrial land conveyance price, urban industrial pollution is presenting an inverted U-shaped change trend. For cities in different development stages of industrialization, there is no difference in the impact of industrial land conveyance price on urban industrial pollution. However, the openness of industrial land conveyance promotes and inhibits the urban industrial pollution in the stages of industrialization and post-industrialization, respectively. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to control industrial pollution from the perspective of further improving the industrial land conveyance mechanism.

This paper discusses regression analysis of failure time data under the additive hazards model, with covariates subject to measurement errors. In particular, we consider the situation where there may exist only repeated measurements or observations on the covariates with measurement errors, and for which there does not exist any method for inference. A nonparametric‐correction approach is proposed for inference about regression parameters and the baseline cumulative hazards function. Both asymptotic and finite sample properties of the proposed estimators are established and the approach is applied to an AIDS clinical trial that motivated this study.

Combatting Local Protectionism Without the Courts? The Sun Zhigang Case: An Illustration of China's Central-Local Relations ; New Reforms Driven by Centralisation ; Further Reading ; 3. Evolving Central-local Relations in a Contested Constitutional Democracy: The Case of Taiwan ; Constitutional Regulation Of Central-Local Relations ; Central-Local Relations in a Democratic Transitional Context ; Conclusion ; Further Reading ; 4. Central-local Relations and the Constitutional Discourse on Political Decentralisation in 21st-Century Vietnam ; Introduction ; Political Decentralisation.

Fang Sun,1,* Zhigang Zhao,1,* Qiang Li,1 Xunmei Zhou,1 Yingsha Li,1 Hexuan Zhang,1 Zhencheng Yan,1 Hongbo He,1 Zhigang Ke,2 Yu Gao,2 Fan Li,2 Weidong Tong,2 Zhiming Zhu1 1Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhiming Zhu Tel +86-23-6876-7849Fax +86-23-6870-5094Email zhuzm@yahoo.comBackground: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been regarded as a biomarker of low-degree inflammation in illness; however, whether CRP exerts its pathogenic effect on the cardiometabolic system remains unknown. Aside from the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery on cardiometabolic system, its impact on inflammation still worth examining. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of CRP on adipose and vascular cells, and their responses to metabolic surgery in obese diabetic patients.Patients and Methods: The expression of CRP and RAS- and ERK-related factors in the adipocytes and VSMCs were measured. Obese patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent metabolic surgery were followed up for 2 years thereafter. Laboratory tests, which included serum hs-CRP levels and visceral fat thickness (VFT), were obtained before and after surgery.Results: CRP administration significantly and dose-dependently increased the intracellular-free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured adipocytes and in the VSMCs. CRP administration significantly increased ACE, Ang II, AT1R and p-ERK expressions, but reduced ACE2 expression in both the adipocytes and VSMCs. Clinical study showed that VFT was closely associated with serum hs-CRP. Furthermore, VFT and serum hs-CRP were found to be highly associated with blood pressure. Finally, metabolic surgery remarkably decreased blood pressure, visceral fat and serum hs-CRP levels.Conclusion: CRP has a detrimental effect on cardiometabolic cells, aside from functioning merely as a biomarker. Serum hs-CRP levels are highly associated with hypertension and visceral obesity, which can be antagonized by metabolic surgery in obese diabetic patients.Keywords: CRP, metabolic surgery, type 2 diabetes