Suchergebnisse

A clinical case of oral mucosal lichenoid reaction to sulfamethoxazole in a dental patient with complicating medical conditions is described. Although the relationship between oral mucosal lichenoid reaction and sulfa drugs has not been documented previously, the patient's lichenoid reaction corresponded with sulfamethoxazole use, and improved when the drug was discontinued. Reactions of this type should be monitored so that treatment and preventive measures may be instituted.

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRIM) are two of the most used antibiotics in the last 50 years, to prevent and treat bacterial infections; however, the available literature about toxicity to non-target organisms is quite discrepant and incomplete. This study aims to assess the SMX and TRIM ecotoxicological effects in standard species: Aliivibrio fischeri (bioluminescence inhibition), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (growth inhibition), Lemna minor (growth inhibition and biochemical biomarkers), Daphnia magna (immobilization/mortality, life history traits, and biochemical biomarkers), and Danio rerio (survival, hatching, abnormalities, and biochemical biomarkers). The species tested showed different acute sensitivities to SMX (A. fischeri < D. magna < E. coli < L. minor) and TRIM (L. minor < A. fischeri < D. magna < E. coli). Overall, TRIM reveals less toxicity than SMX, except for E. coli (Ecotoxicological approach based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing – EcoAST procedure). Both antibiotics affect individually (e.g., growth and survival) and sub-individually (e.g., antioxidant defenses) L. minor, D. magna, and D. rerio. This study allowed us to generate relevant data and fill gaps in the literature regarding the effects of SMX and TRIM in aquatic organisms. The here-obtained results can be used to (i) complete and re-evaluate the Safety Data Sheet to improve the assessment of environmental safety and management of national and international entities; (ii) clarify the environmental risks of these antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems reinforcing the inclusion in the 4th Watch List of priority substances to be monitored in whole inland waters by the Water Framework Directive; and (iii) combat the development of antimicrobial resistance, as well as supporting the definition of environmental measurements in the context of European One Health Action Plan. However, it is essential to continue studying these antibiotics to better understand their toxicity at ecologically relevant concentrations and their long-term effects under different climatic change scenarios.

In this study, viable and accessible analytical method for the quantification of pharmaceuticals (Gabapentin, Sulfamethoxazole), herbicides and algaecides (Terbutryn, Terbuthylazine, Diuron) in the aquatic environment was developed. The studied compounds are priority pollutants listed by the Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directives (2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC). Estimation of gabapentin concentration through UV-Vis spectrophotometer shows high linearity and meets the validation criteria set by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). Sulfamethoxazole and pesticides determination method was set up using solid phase extraction and examined with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A novel approach was developed through this study for the estimation of gabapentin concentration; which does not really require any solid phase extraction procedures. Gabapentin concentration can be directly analyzed with high accuracy using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in conjugation with ninhydrin reagent. Similarly, this research demonstrated the instantaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole by evaluating the factor obtained from the linear calibration curve method. On the other hand, pesticides/biocides are moderately hydrophilic thus require extraction technique. The successful extraction method is developed showing high recovery of desired compounds. The developed methods were incorporated with UV-Vis spectroscopy method, reliable and useful for routine laboratory analysis.

Antibiotics accumulation in aquatic organisms may be of great concern from an ecological point of view but also from a human perspective, especially when they are accumulated in edible animals like marine mussels. In this work, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to sulfamethoxazole antibiotic (SMX) at 10 µg/L during 96 h, followed by 24 h of depuration. The experiment was carried out at summer and winter conditions. SMX showed a bioconcentration factor in mussel of 1.5 L/Kg (dry weight) and 69% of the compound was eliminated from the organism in 24 h. The metabolomics approach revealed alterations in amino acids levels (aspartate, phenylalanine, valine and tryptophan) pinpointing disturbances in osmotic regulation and energy metabolism. Besides, the levels of some nucleotides (guanosine and inosine) and a carboxylic acid were also affected. However, SMX exposed mussels did not show any significant alteration in the enzymatic activities related to the xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress. Moreover, some of the changes observed in mussel's metabolites suggested alterations in mussel's organoleptic characteristics that can affect its quality as seafood commodity. Overall, our results showed that SMX exposure to marine mussels may have ecological implications by provoking sub-lethal effects to exposed organisms. Nevertheless, no risk for consumers derived from mussel ingestion is expected due to the low bioconcentration capacity of SMX and fast depuration in this seafood type ; This work has received funding from SEA-on-a-CHIP project under grant agreement No.614168 from European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7-OCEAN-2013) and been also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the PLAS-MED (CTM2017-89701-C3-2-R) and AIMCOST (CGL2016-76332-R MINECO/FEDER/UE) projects. Authors acknowledge the support from the Economy and Knowledge Department of the Catalan Government through Consolidated Research Group (ICRA-ENV 2017 SGR 1124 and 2017-SGR-1404-Water and Soil ...