Suchergebnisse

• City Council reinstated mask ordinance as result of a resolution passed by Alameda County Medical Society• Ordinance cannot become law for 8 days, so citizens are called upon to comply with letter of the law• Doctors of county voted unanimously that masks were a necessary preventive measure ; Newspaper article ; 1

• The Pittsburgh chapter of the Red Cross has announced it has supplied the University of Pittsburgh with 8,000 face masks for every student at the school • The chapter also supplied Major Day at Point Breeze with a large supply of blankets, hospital robes, sheets, pajamas, towels, surgical aprons, and other materials• Today, chapter officers notified all county auxiliaries and branches there would be no more first aid classes conducted at headquarters• The chapter also sends nurses throughout and so far, 33 nurses have gone from Pittsburgh to the division headquarters in Philadelphia• Reports indicate that 757 Red Cross nurses have been enrolled for war services• During the month of September, 60 nurses registered, 373 were assigned to active service, and 65 Pittsburgh nurses were sent into military service ; Newspaper Article ; 9

The department of military training will provide instruction to soldiers in and around LA andrequire they wear anti-flu masks, which they must furnish. These soldiers will then leave for Kelly Field andCamp Lewis. The health commissioner authorized these meetings at the request of Capt. John D. Fredericksand Col. Arthur Williams, director of instruction, if they happened without spectators and men wore the masks'even while in the open air.' 'In a telegram to Capt. Fredericks, Adjt.-Gen. Borree said: "I believe outdoor militaryinstruction should be given if possible. Cannot see any danger of infection. Please confer with the Board ofHealth in this regard."' ; Newspaper article ; 2

• More than 50,000 masks made by the Red Cross have gone to hospitals and government department so their supply is finished• Urging people to make their own at home as they are effective preventive measures against the spread of influenza• Red Cross District chapter says as soon as they have more, they will resume distribution ; Newspaper article ; 7

• Mask ordinance was passed into law by city council and went into effect at noon today• Continued high death rate is said to be result of high number of new cases last week, and should decline soon ; Newspaper article ; 9

The Board of Supervisors passed a resolution yesterday ordering that everyone, resident or visitor, wears a mask on the streets of San Francisco. 'Since the first order recommending the wearing of a mask was promulgated three days ago, the number of persons who accepted that advice increased so materially that yesterday about four out of every five persons in San Francisco were wearing masks.' All types of masks can be seen around the city from the simple pads of gauze to more complex affairs, like nosebags, 'whichneutralized the unesthetic flattening effect produced on the nose and contiguous features by the original fourstringed square.' Others are wearing 'fearsome looking machines like extended muzzles.' Dr. Hassler is wearing a combination of the two. The article describes other types of masks such as 'the small, serviceable gauze-pad type of mask', 'the Yashmak or harem veil', etc. 'Hundreds of women have been compromising between the mask regulations and their dread of uncomeliness by using thick veils or the regulation chiffon veils folded to two or more thickness'. The new regulation is likely to result in a greater blend of aesthetic and health concerns. ; Newspaper article ; 1

• The text of the gauze mask ordinance is reprinted in full• Masks are to be worn at all times when two or more people are present, except when eating• Masks should be no smaller than five inches by seven inches• Ordinance will last until City Health Officer declares epidemic to be over• Those who do not follow the ordinance will be fined $5-$100 and/or spend no more than ten days in jail ; Newspaper article ; 3

*14 physicians and businessmen interviewed last night on the effectiveness and feasibility of a mask order. 7 deemed it unadvisable; 6 said it would be beneficial; one remained uncommitted.*Dr. Lewis Krams-Beck: "I know nothing about the masks and could give no opinion. I understand that the army has used them and the military authorities should know what is best."*Dr. M. J. Bliem: "I think that the masks are useful for nurses and people constantly exposed. However, the close-fitting covering, sometimes used, is extremely unsanitary. The same poisonous air that is breathed out is breathed in again and the impurities discharged are immediately thrown back into the lungs. The best method that I have heard of is the mask made of wire with a thin gauze covering. These are the only kind I would recommend for general use."*Other quotations available in article; some doctors suggest using cotton masks. ; Newspaper article ; 10

• Frank B. Hayne, chairman of the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red Cross, is dismayed to find that a Thursday editorial in the Times-Picayune ridicules the use of anti-influenza masks. • Hayne: the editorial "ridicules and attempts to hold up to laughter what is in my opinion the most important work now being undertaken by the American Red Cross."• Order was given by Gulf Division of the American Red Cross (in response to request from U. S. government) to the New Orleans chapter to provide 50,000 masks as soon as possible. • Masks are to be worn by all medical personnel and patients to prevent influenza from spreading. • The Times-Picayune incorrectly reported that the masks were intended for use by the general public. • Hayne: "In my opinion, the Spanish influenza is the greatest menace now confronting our soldiers; the U-boat menace is nothing compared to it. Influenza coming at this most inopportune time, the very beginning of our largest draft call, interferes with its transportation of men to the cantonments and cannot be considered too seriously."• Hayne reports that he has heard rumors that the Spanish influenza germ was planted in the U. S. by German spies. He states that he has never read this, just heard it by word of mouth. He believes it might be possible. He says that nearly every camp has been affected but the towns and cities surrounding these camps have not also reported the disease. If the disease was planted by German troops, we have all the more responsibility to kill it off, he says. • Hayne reports that the women who volunteered to make masks are angered, frustrated, and confused by the Times-Picayune editorial. He is angry about this. He credits their work: "second only to the work that our soldiers are doing on the battlefields." ; Newspaper article ; 3

• "New Reports Drop to Lowest Records Since Second Epidemic Broke; Board Favors Action"• "Total of Victims Since January 10 Amounts to 6,043; 522 Cases of Malady Fatal"• Edict signed yesterday morning ending mask wearing ordinance – Board of Health agrees with edict• 22 cases/2 deaths ; Newspaper article ; 11

• The full text of the mask-wearing ordinance passed by the Board of Supervisors; masks must be worn in all public places • Anyone found in violation will be guilty of a misdemeanor• The ordinance will remain in effect until the Board of Health determines the epidemic no longer exists ; Newspaper article ; 11

• Dr. Crosby announced that the mask ordinance will not be reinstated• ". . .the influenza situation is to be handled through in [sic] the individual in the future and not by ordinance."• Data from throughout the country showed no difference in the rate of cases and deaths regardless of precautions taken by local governments• San Francisco closed public gathering places and enforced face masks, while Los Angeles which did nothing, had a 10% larger drop in death rate in November• Crosby: "Mask-wearing has proven itself a health measure, but the results do not warrant my asking for remasking in Oakland."• 94 teachers and 25% of students are absent through illness ; Newspaper article ; 2

• To guard against further infection, city council passes ordinance requiring Berkeley residents to wear gauze masks, or face fines up to $500 or imprisonment up to ten days• 958 total cases in Berkeley, significant decrease in new cases observed• Four deaths ; Newspaper article ; 9

Mayor John L. Davie enjoins everyone to wear masks for the safety of the public, and reminds them of Hutchinson's studies, showing extremely low infection rates in military camps using the masks ; Newspaper article ; 9

• Despite protests, mask ordinance was tabled at meeting Tuesday ; Newspaper article ; 1