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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- 1 An Overview of Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa -- 2 Structural Adjustment Programs and the Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment in Ghana -- 3 The Growth of Public Debt in a Reforming Economy -- 4 Fiscal Impacts of Structural Adjustment -- 5 From a Developmental to a Managerial Paradigm: Ghana's Administrative Reform under Structural Adjustment Programs -- 6 Cocoa Production under Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programs: A Study of Rural Farmers -- 7 Structural Adjustment Programs and Ghana's Mineral Industry -- 8 Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Forests and Natural Resource Management -- 9 Structural Adjustment Programs and the Mortgaging of Africa's Ecosystems: The Case of Mineral Development in Ghana -- 10 Structural Adjustment Programs, Human Resources and Organizational Challenges Facing Labor and Policy Makers in Ghana -- 11 Structural Adjustment, Policies and Democracy in Ghana -- 12 Migration and Remittances: Rural Household Strategies for Coping with Structural Adjustment Programs in Ghana -- 13 Rural Banking and Credit Inter-mediation in an Era of Structural Adjustments -- 14 Structural Adjustment Programs and Emerging Urban Forms -- 15 Urban Planning and Management under Structural Adjustment -- 16 Structural Adjustment and the Health Care System -- 17 Adjustment Reforms in a Poor Business Environment: Explaining Why Poor Institutions Persist under Ghana's Reforms -- 18 Progress in Adjustment in Ghana: Is Growth Sustainable? -- 19 Alternative Methods for Evaluating Structural Adjustment Programs -- 20 Africa Under World Bank/IMF Management: The Best of Times and the Worst of Times -- Index.

This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the macroeconomic, distributional, and fiscal effects of three reform proposals for Germany: i) a reduction in the social security tax in the low-wage sector, ii) a publicly financed expansion of full-day child care and full-day schooling, and iii) the further deregulation of the professional services sector. The analysis is based on a macroeconomic model with physical capital, human capital, job search, and household heterogeneity. All three reforms have positive short-run and long-run effects on employment, wages, and output. The quantitative effects of the deregulation reform are relatively small due to the small size of professional services in Germany. Policy reforms i) and ii) have substantial macroeconomic effects and positive distributional consequences. Ten years after implementation, reforms i) and ii) taken together increase employment by 1.6 percent, potential output by 1.5 percent, real hourly pre-tax wages in the low-wage sector by 3 percent, and real hourly pre-tax wages of women with children by 2.7 percent. The two reforms create fiscal deficits in the short run, but they also generate substantial fiscal surpluses in the long-run. They are fiscally efficient in the sense that the present value of short-term fiscal deficits and long-term surpluses is positive for any interest (discount) rate less than 9 percent--Abstract