Suchergebnisse

Crop growth and production is dependent on various climatic factors. Both abiotic and biotic stresses have become an integral part of plant growth and development. There are several factors involved in plant stress mechanism. The information in the area of plant growth and molecular mechanism against abiotic and biotic stresses is scattered. The up-to-date information with cited references is provided in this book in an organized way. More emphasis has been given to elaborate the injury and tolerance mechanisms and growth behavior in plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. This book also deals with abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants, molecular mechanism of stress resistance of photosynthetic machinery, stress tolerance in plants: special reference to salt stress - a biochemical and physiological adaptation of some Indian halophytes, PSII fluorescence techniques for measurement of drought and high temperature stress signal in crop plants: protocols and applications, salicylic acid: role in plant physiology & stress tolerance, salinity induced genes and molecular basis of salt tolerance mechanism in mangroves, reproductive stage abiotic stress tolerance in cereals, calorimetry and Raman spectrometry to study response of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular physiology of osmotic stress in plants and mechanisms, functions and toxicity of heavy metals stress in plants, submergence stress tolerance in plants and adoptive mechanism, Brassinosteroid modulated stress responses under temperature stress, stress tolerant in plants: a proteomics approach, Marker-assisted breeding for stress resistance in crop plants, DNA methylation associated epigenetic changes in stress tolerance of plants and role of calcium-mediated CBL-CIPK network in plant mineral nutrition & abiotic stress. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, up-to-date literature, possible stress mechanism, and applications. Under abiotic stress, plant produces a large quantity of free radicals, which have been elaborated. We hope that this book will be of greater use for the post-graduate students, researchers, physiologist and biotechnologist to sustain the plant growth and development.

In the current study, we examined the attunement and transmission of mother–child diurnal cortisol among maltreating ( N = 165) and nonmaltreating ( N = 83) mothers and their preschool-aged children. Over half of the families had a substantiated child maltreatment case with the mother as the perpetrator. Mothers collected three saliva samples (waking, midday, and bedtime) on themselves and their child on two consecutive days, which were later assayed for cortisol. This design allows for the examination of concurrent attunement, as well as cross-lagged transmission, across the day. Results from actor–partner interdependence models revealed significant differences in mother–child cortisol attunement and transmission between the maltreating and nonmaltreating groups. Specifically, only maltreating mothers transmitted cortisol to their children and were attuned at first waking; only nonmaltreating dyads were attuned at midday. Implications of these results for sociocultural models of stress physiology and for our understanding of how child maltreatment affects diurnal cortisol regulation are discussed.

"Sponsored by Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center." ; Includes bibliographies. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Research findings from diverse studies converge in suggesting that the experience of early severe and protracted stress is associated with a wide range of behavioural and physical health problems. The public health and clinical implications of these findings are substantial, but their successful applications to improve child health have been limited. What is clear is that this successful application depends, at least in part, on a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved. The current review considers the likely role of stress physiology and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, one dominant model for explaining how early stress exposures may have lasting effects on mental and physical health. In addition to highlighting illustrative findings, we consider the practical barriers and challenges for increasing the presence of biological markers in clinical research.

The author of influential books such as Force Under Pressure and Stoning the Keepers at the Gate, Dr. Lawrence N. Blum is a renowned expert on the psychology of police officers. With Turning Tragedy into Victory, he returns to and expands on the important subject of how to best help those who have sworn to protect and serve when they are the ones who have fallen. According to Blum, officers' lack of knowledge and skill in controlling the stress of the moment has increased their risk of being killed, assaulted, or making mistakes that cost them dearly in career or family relationships. Through visceral, real-life accounts of officers that he has personally worked with, he identifies pitfalls, errors, and traps that are created when officers lose control over how their brains and bodies react to unexpected crises; explains why and how this lack of control occurs; and provides mental, emotional, and behavioral tools that have proven highly effective at enhancing performance. Above all, Blum says, officers must learn the important lessons that come from their experiences and commit themselves to the quest for mastery in law enforcement: in other words, to turn tragedy into victory. This book is an indispensable resource for those who are law enforcement officers, those who work with them, and those who wish to keep them safe among the increasing dangers and challenges of today's society.