Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Universal Pre-Kindergarten (Pre-K) programs differ from widely known and extensively evaluated programs like Head Start and Perry Preschool because access is open to all children of the appropriate age. To estimate the intent-to-treat effects of these programs on the long term educational achievement of children, I use a differences-in-differences framework and individual-level data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. For disadvantaged children residing in small towns and rural areas, Universal Pre-K availability increases both reading and mathematics test scores at fourth grade as well as the probability of students being on-grade for their age. Increases in some measures of achievement also were seen among other groups, though the patterns were less uniform across outcome measures. The results correspond with other work showing children living in less densely populated areas are those most likely to enroll in preschool because of the program's availability.

There is a widely held belief that older students, by virtue of being more mature and readier to learn at school entry, may have better academic, employment, and earnings outcomes compared to their younger counterparts. There are understated, albeit important, costs to starting school later, however. Compulsory school-attendance laws may allow these same older pupils to drop out of high school earlier, which could adversely impact their employment; entering the workforce later also has implications for lifetime earnings and remittances to governments. Overall, research suggests that school-age entry policies can improve student achievement in the short term, but the long-term impacts are currently not well-understood.

"Sowohl national als auch international ist der gemeinsame Schuleintritt von Kindern mit ihnen aus dem Kindergarten vertrauten anderen Kindern ein wenig untersuchtes Forschungsthema. Forschungsbefunde liegen aus Deutschland, der Schweiz, Australien und den USA vor. Eine eigene deutsche Studie hat den Zusammenhang von gemeinsamem Schuleintritt und der Übergangsbewältigung der Kinder anhand einer Stichprobe von 203 Kindern an vier Schulen in zwei Bundesländern vorwiegend quantitativ untersucht. Der gemeinsame Schuleintritt zeigte sich dabei in einem positiven Zusammenhang zu der Einbindung der Kinder in ihre Kindergruppe und zu ihrer Lerneinstellung in der ersten Klasse." (Autorenreferat)

"Law school is different. Incoming students, confronted with an entirely new vocabulary and unfamiliar with the discipline's unique and demanding educational methods, are often disoriented. This book is designed to give these students a head start, both by introducing them to the fundamentals of the legal process and by helping them acquire the study skills necessary for success. Starting Off Right in Law School introduces new law students to the practice and study of law by following a lawsuit from its inception through the appeals process, illustrating what lawyers actually do, how they prepare, how they interact with clients and in courtrooms, how a lawsuit proceeds, and how students can effectively read and analyze cases, outline, and apply what they have learned on the exams"--