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The father of the modern Olympic Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, envisaged international athletic exchange as the "free trade of the future." No nation would regulate this trade to its political advantage. The Olympic Games, as well as other international political arenas, would be unpolluted by political currents. To a remarkable extent, considering the course of twentieth century history, these aspirations have been met. But athletic exchange, like other forms of human interaction, nevertheless remains exposed to sovereign intervention; a measure of politics is inevitable in any transnational activity, whether in the United Nations or a global convention of medieval musicologists. Effective management of any transnational human activity is, therefore, a matter of regulating rather than eliminating political intervention. Within the nation-state system, such regulation depends heavily upon harmonious laws and policies of participating governments. National sports laws and policies vary in scope and kind. Governmental support of athletic programs and exchange is all but universal, ranging from the employment by Scandinavian governments of cross-country skiing competitors and border guards to the massive programs of national aggrandizement exemplified by those of the People's Republic of China and East Germany. The "college-bonus" system of support is used in the United States, and the "cash-bonus" and pervasive military service system is employed by the Soviet Union. Rule 26 of the Olympic Games, which governs the important question of "amateur" status, was recently reformed after years of controversy to respond to the trend away from rigid amateurism. Rewritten Rule 26, and more particularly its implementing by-laws, offers greater opportunity for governmental assistance to amateur Olympic aspirants. Such governmental support presupposes the efficacy of keeping the home folks happy while impressing one's neighbors by setting a world record on some foreign athletic track. After all, the theory goes, athletic ...

The sports and entertainment industries, economic powerhouses, wield substantial global and regional influence. This study delves into the economic dimensions of the sports and entertainment industries, focusing on player salaries, ticket pricing, and the impact of major events like the Olympics or World Cup. Despite the complexities and evolution of these industries, the paper highlights their enduring relevance within economic analysis. It explores three fundamental aspects of these industries: player salaries, ticket pricing, and major events. It considers the historical context, industry-specific pricing strategies, and the economic implications of hosting major events. The paper emphasizes the interconnectedness of these elements in shaping the economic landscape of sports and entertainment, underscoring their pivotal role in influencing global and regional economies

AbstractThe tremendous inflluence of sports upon American life, especially in the cities, is here vividly describeddd.

This paper updates and extends previous analyses of the sociology of sport in the United States. It provides a chronology of major events in the history of the field as well as a description of the social context in which the field emerged and grew. Then a review of data from both sociology and physical education leads to the conclusion that the sociology of sport in the United States continues to lack full legitimacy and a critical mass of members in both disciplines. In fact, there are reasons to conclude that the continued numerical growth of those calling themeselves sport sociologists has peaked and will not change significantly in the immediate future. Finally, a content summary of papers published in the first 14 issues of the Sociology of Sport Journal reveals the priorities given to research topics and research methodologies among those Americans doing some of the more significant work in the field.

The article discusses the features of implementing women's sports career in the context of the coronavirus epidemic. Ways to maintain a career in isolation and options for its development, as well as government initiatives during this period, are analyzed. This includes a comparison of budget expenditures from the start of physical education funding to the post-pandemic period. In addition, types of careers are considered, including the ones typical to the current situation particular, the transformative type of career with a gradual upward movement and subsequent change of activity. This type of career is characterized by a high rate of job advancement (expansion of influence), which can be either gradual or abrupt. The predisposition of women to end their sports career is considered. The author's analysis is based on a sociological study conducted in 2021 in a specially designed questionnaire in Telegram using the survey method, as well as an in-depth interview with a master of sports in ballroom dancing and her career path, which combined several sports, as well as coaching. The current changes in sports practices, including the example of innovations with the help of social networks, which influenced the popularity of a healthy lifestyle are analyzed. The problems of youth sports school students and professional athletes due to the lack of equipment and the complexity of professional training at home are considered. In conclusion, the article examines the consequences not only of the pandemic, but also the ban on the participation of Russian athletes in international competitions, as well as the Olympic Games, and its possible consequences, which will negatively affect the wages of our athletes. In addition to that, there is a number of serious socio-economic problems, including the lack of financial resources for the construction of sports facilities in the regions.