Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- I: Theory -- 1 Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products -- 2 Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men -- 3 Toward a Developmental Theory of Spatial Learning -- 4 Cognitive Maps in Perception and Thought -- II: Cognitive Representations -- 5 Psychology and Living Space -- 6 Notes on Urban Perception and Knowledge -- 7 Differential Cognition of Urban Residents: Effects of Social Scale on Mapping -- 8 How Citizens View Two Great Cities: Milan and Rome -- 9 Student Views of the World -- 10 Designative Perceptions of Macro-Spaces: Concepts, a Methodology, and Applications -- Ill: Spatial Preference -- 11 On Mental Maps -- IV: The Development of Spatial Cognition -- 12 Some Preliminary Observations on Spatial Learning in School Children -- 13 The Black Boxes of Jònkòping: Spatial Information and Preference -- 14 The Development of Spatial Cognition: A Review -- V: Geographical and Spatial Orientation -- 15 Topographical Orientation -- 16 Some References to Orientation -- VI: Cognitive Distance -- 17 Emotional and Geographical Phenomena in Psychophysical Research -- 18 A Method for Analyzing Distance Concepts of Urban Residents -- 19 Urban Cognitive Distance -- Epilogue -- Bibliography -- Indexes -- Name Index -- Index of Place Names -- Subject Index

This article presents an overview of models of consumer spatial behavior and evaluates them in the context of the environment-behavior paradigm. It is argued that the theoretical relevance of the consumer spatial behavior models to research on spatial cognition and wayfinding can be better understood when analyzed in this context. The models are evaluated on four dimensions: (a) the degree to which the model incorporates the notion of the physical environment, (b) the degree to which the model addresses person-based (individual difference) variables, (c) the use of behavioral outcome measures, and (d) the relationships between these variables. This analysis shows that many of the variables employed by the consumer models could be used in research on spatial cognition and wayfinding. Directions are proposed for broadening models of spatial cognition through the addition of the variables used in consumer research.